mynotes4usmle: ANTIBIOTICS CHEAT SHEET :) Also, REMEMBER!!!! * Sulfonamides compete for albumi

mynotes4usmle:

ANTIBIOTICS CHEAT SHEET :)

Also, REMEMBER!!!!

* Sulfonamides compete for albumin with:

• Bilirrubin: given in 2°,3°T, high risk or indirect hyperBb and kernicterus in premies
• Warfarin: increases toxicity: bleeding

* Beta-lactamase (penicinillase) Suceptible:

• Natural Penicillins (G, V, F, K)
• Aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin)
• Antipseudomonal Penicillins (Ticarcillin, Piperacillin)

* Beta-lactamase (penicinillase) Resistant:

• Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin
• 3°G, 4°G Cephalosporins
• Carbapenems 
• Monobactams
• Beta-lactamase inhibitors

* Penicillins enhanced with:

• Clavulanic acid & Sulbactam (both are suicide inhibitors, they inhibit beta-lactamase)
• Aminoglycosides (against enterococcus and psedomonas)

* Aminoglycosides enhanced with Aztreonam

* Penicillins: renal clearance EXCEPT Oxacillin & Nafcillin (bile)

* Cephalosporines: renal clearance EXCEPT Cefoperazone & Cefrtriaxone (bile)

* Both inhibited by Probenecid during tubular secretion.

* 2°G Cephalosporines: none cross BBB except Cefuroxime

* 3°G Cephalosporines: all cross BBB except Cefoperazone bc is highly highly lipid soluble, so is protein bound in plasma, therefore it doesn’t cross BBB.

* Cephalosporines are "LAME“ bc they  do not cover this organisms 

• L  isteria monocytogenes
• A  typicals (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)
• M RSA (except Ceftaroline, 5°G)
• E  nterococci

* Disulfiram-like effect: Cefotetan & Cefoperazone (mnemonic)

* Cefoperanzone: all the exceptions!!!

• All 3°G cephalosporins cross the BBB except Cefoperazone.
• All cephalosporins are renal cleared, except Cefoperazone.
• Disulfiram-like effect

* Against Pseudomonas:

• 3°G Cef taz idime (taz taz taz taz)
• 4°G Cefepime, Cefpirome (not available in the USA)
• Antipseudomonal penicillins
• Aminoglycosides (synergy with beta-lactams)
• Aztreonam (pseudomonal sepsis)

* Covers MRSA: Ceftaroline (rhymes w/ Caroline, Caroline the 5°G Ceph), Vancomycin, Daptomycin, Linezolid, Tigecycline.

* Covers VRSA: Linezolid, Dalfopristin/Quinupristin

* Aminoglycosides: decrease release of ACh in synapse and act as a Neuromuscular blocker, this is why it enhances effects of muscle relaxants.

* DEMECLOCYCLINE: tetracycline that’s not used as an AB, it is used as tx of SIADH to cause Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (inhibits the V2 receptor in collecting ducts)

* Phototoxicity: Q ue S T  ion?

• Q uinolones
• Sulfonamides
• T etracyclines

*p450 inhibitors: Cloramphenicol, Macrolides (except Azithromycin), Sulfonamides

*Macrolides SE: Motilinstimulation,QT prolongation, reversible deafness,eosinophilia,cholestatichepatitis

* Bactericidal: beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems), aminoglycosides, fluorquinolones, metronidazole.

* Baceriostatic: tetracyclins, streptogramins, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, oxazolidonones, macrolides, sulfonamides, DHFR inhibitors.

* Pseudomembranous colitis: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, Lincomycin.

* QT prolongation: macrolides, sometimes fluoroquinolones