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In the 17th Century, if you heard drums then it would be almost certain that they were drums of WAR! ⚔️
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Drums were not commonly used in music in the period but were closely and clearly associated with the military. They were used to relate orders to large groups of soldiers on noisy battlefields, each time or ‘call’ corresponding to a specific order.
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Written by William Barriffe in 1638, The Six Calls of War detailed the minimum number of drum calls needed to relay orders to a company or division of soldiers. It is a detailed account of parade ground exercises performed in front of an audience at Merchant Taylors Hall, a popular performance very much along the lines of a modem military display or tattoo. The six calls were The Call, The Preparative, The English March, The Troop, The Battle, and The Retreat.
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The drummer was a position of responsibility above that of the common soldier and this meant they were paid more, usually a shilling per day, which puts them on a part with a corporal and sometimes a sergeant. They were required to be sober, responsible, and of good character, and they would be expected to carry out additional duties such as parleying with the enemy and travelling into the enemy camp.
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David Gee
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“Of Trumpet and of Drum
That makes the Warrier’s stomack come,
Whose noise whets Valour sharp, like beer
By thunder turn’d to vinegar, (For if a Trumpet sound, or Drum beat, Who has not a month’s mind to combat?)” - Francis Markham, Five Decades of Epistles of Warre (1622)
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One key role in which drums were used during the English Civil War was literally “drumming up business” for recruiting parties. These gangs, typically made up of a captain, sergeant, corporal, drummer, and two privates would stand before a “drum-head”, literally an upended drum that served as a makeshift desk, display a flag, and make heroic speeches before calling men to them and offering them a “bounty,” which varied according to the reluctance of recruits: 5 shillings in 1660; £1 in 1672; £2 in 1703. By 1708 the offer was £4 per man for just three years’ service. The drum would be an important part of these parties, luring potential recruits with its martial tunes and rousing sound. It might also be joined by other instruments: a bagpipe, a fife, an oboe, or even a trumpet - anything to grab and hold attention!
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Levitt Parkes
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#drum #drummer #drumming #drums #drumstagram #music #militarymusic #photoreenactment #reenactment #reenactors #reenacting #reenactorstyle #reenactorslife #reenactorsofinstagram #reenactmentphotography #livinghistory #history #photohistory #historicalreenactment #17thcentury #sealedknot #dailyphoto #photoaday #photooftheday #photoadaychallenge #englishcivilwar #instadaily
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