#kill the moon

1963: 6th Doctor and Peri assist a soviet space mission that lost contact with home base when they passed to the far side of the moon and discovered the secret American Moonbase.  Laika the Russian Space Dog (having been altered by aliens to be intelligent), leads a revolt of the animals on the base.  Big Finish's 1963: Space Race

2049: The moon suddenly increases in mass to the degree that natural disasters attack the Earth.  The 12th Doctor, Clara, and Courtney assist a mission intending to blow up the moon with nuclear bombs.  It is revealed that the moon is an egg for a space thing, it hatches and proceeds to lay an utterly identical egg of the same mass, design, and composition as its egg, presumably making the problem twice as horrible on earth as two objects of far too much mass currently exist in orbit. Series 8: Kill The Moon

2070: On the Earth’s Weather Control base on the moon, a mysterious disease is wiping out the crew.  The 2nd Doctor, Ben, Polly, and Jamie arrive to assist the crew in fighting off the impending Cybermen invasion.  Season 4's The Moonbase

Late 21st Century:  The Earth now relies on the T-Mat system for all travel.  A base on the moon is used to coordinate all transportation, but when a team of Ice Warriors takes the base, all of Humanity is left without transport.  The Second Doctor, Jamie, and Zoe take the last rocket to T-Mat control, and prevent the Invasion Fleet from reaching Earth, brutally killing an entire race in the fires of the sun.  Season 6's The Seeds of Death

I may have missed any major moon events in novels as I have not read most of them.