#sexual satisfaction
BDSM (which stands for bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism) is one of the most popular sexual fantasies and a significant number of people report having engaged in BDSM acts before. Interest in BDSM appears to have risen in recent years and, at the time time, so has scientific interest. In this post, we’ll review 5 of the key things research has uncovered about BDSM.
1.) There isn’t just one thing that draws people to BDSM—in fact, there are at least 8 possible reasons! For some, it seems to be a lifelong orientation, whereas for others, BDSM interest emerges later in life in response to some experience or to meet some need (such as seeking balance, or coping with the pain of chronic illness).
2.) BDSM isn’t always about sex. Research on kinksters finds that BDSM tends to have sexual elements more often than not—but it’s a non-sexual experience for at least some individuals, with some people deriving personal or other meaning from BDSM. Also, some people who are asexual are drawn to kink, too.
3.) People’s interest in BDSM seems to change with age. In my own research on sexual fantasies, I find that interest in BDSM is actually highest among young adults (those in their 20s) and that it tends to be less common among older adults; however, BDSM fantasies are relatively common in every age group. Why might interest in BDSM change with age? One possibility is that it might be related, in part, to personality shifts that happen as we get older—and those shifts might predispose us to having different sexual interests. Learn more about this idea here.
4.) People who practice BDSM have relationships that are just as happy and healthy as everyone else. Many people (including some sex therapists) have questioned whether you can be into BDSM and have a healthy relationship—however, the research shows that consensual BDSM doesn’t impair relationship functioning or undermine relationship happiness, so let’s put this myth to rest.
5.) Exploring BDSM can boost sexual satisfaction. One of the biggest things that distinguishes the most from the least sexually satisfied couples is that the happy ones are mixing it up and trying new things—and that includes exploring their kinkier side. Research has found that sexually satisfied men and women are 2-3 times more likely to have tried BDSM compared to those who are sexually dissatisfied.
Want to learn more about Sex and Psychology? Click herefor more from the blog or here to listen to the podcast. Follow Sex and PsychologyonFacebook, Twitter (@JustinLehmiller), or Reddit to receive updates. You can also follow Dr. Lehmiller on YouTubeandInstagram.
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Do the sex lives of men in relationships differ based on their sexual orientation? This question is difficult to answer because there’s not a lot of research out there on this subject, and the studies that are available have some serious limitations. For example, samples of gay and heterosexual men often differ on more than just sexual orientation—they may also differ on a number of other factors, such as age and relationship length, which makes it difficult to pinpoint the origins of any differences observed.
A recent study published in the Journal of Sex Research sought to rectify these issues and provide a more definitive look at how similar vs. different men’s sex lives are based on their sexuality.
This study involved 3,916 gay and heterosexual men in relationships who were matched on several demographic characteristics, including age, ethnicity, relationship length, education level, and whether or not they had children. Participants completed an online survey that contained detailed questions about their sexual practices and satisfaction.
The results pointed to a number of important similarities, but also a few differences.
First, in terms of how often participants reported having sex, gay and heterosexual men did not differ—on average, they reported having sex about 7 times per month.
They didn’t differ in overall sexual satisfaction either. For both groups, more than half (56-57%) reported being sexually satisfied. The factors that predicted greater sexual satisfaction tended to be the same, too, and these included having more frequent sex, being happier with the overall relationship, better communication, trying more new things in bed, and spending more time on sex.
Where most of the differences emerged were in the types of sexual behaviors reported. For example, heterosexual men were less likely than gay men to engage in anal intercourse or stimulation, to give and receive oral sex, to engage in mutual masturbation, to watch porn with their partner, to share and act out their fantasies, and to engage in threesomes and group sex.
By contrast, heterosexual men were more likely than gay men to say their partner wore sexy underwear, to make date nights, to give or receive massages, to switch positions during sex, and to incorporate food with sex.
Heterosexual and gay men reported similar levels of sexual communication overall; however, some intimate communication behaviors differed, with heterosexual men being more likely to say “I love you” during sex and gay men being more likely to talk about their sex fantasies. It’s also worth pointing out that while greater communication was linked to greater satisfaction across groups, communication was an even stronger predictor of gay men’s sexual satisfaction than it was for heterosexual men.
There are a few limitations of this research worth noting. First, it only speaks to gay and heterosexual men in relationships. If you were to look at singles instead, the results might be very different. Second, this study did not account for whether the relationships were monogamous or consensually non-monogamous. The sex questions were only in reference to one’s “primary” partner. Because gay men are more likely to be in some type of sexually open relationship compared to heterosexual men, it would be important for future research to account for monogamy/non-monogamy status in looking at things like frequency of sex, sexual satisfaction, and sexual communication.
Overall, these results point to a number of similarities in the sex lives of gay and heterosexual men in relationships. In general, they’re having pretty similar amounts of sex and, on average, are about equally satisfied.
The biggest difference occurred in the types of sexual behaviors reported. Whereas gay men reported more behaviors centering around specific sex acts (like watching porn together and acting out a fantasy), heterosexual men reported more acts centering around building intimacy (like going on a date night or trading massages). As the authors of this study suggest, this may be because heterosexual men are more likely to follow a sexual script that ties together romance and sex.
To be clear, this isn’t to say that gay men’s sex lives are devoid of intimacy or romance. For example, a majority of both gay and heterosexual men said “I love you” the last time they had sex—it’s just that heterosexual men were even more likely to do so. Likewise, similar numbers of both gay and heterosexual men described their last encounter as “loving and tender” or as “passionate.”
In short, while sex itself might look different for gay and heterosexual men, zooming out to consider things like sexual frequency and satisfaction reveals far more similarities than differences.
Want to learn more about Sex and Psychology? Click herefor more from the blog or here to listen to the podcast. Follow Sex and PsychologyonFacebook, Twitter (@JustinLehmiller), or Reddit to receive updates. You can also follow Dr. Lehmiller on YouTubeandInstagram.
To learn more about this research, see: Frederick, D., Gillespie, B. J., Lever, J., Berardi, V., & Garcia, J. R. (2021). Sexual Practices and Satisfaction among Gay and Heterosexual Men in Romantic Relationships: A Comparison Using Coarsened Exact Matching in a US National Sample. The Journal of Sex Research.
Image Credit: Photo by christian buehner on Unsplash
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