The Axeman of New Orleans (THEORIES)

THEORY ONE (THE BLACK HAND)

Due to the fact that The Axemans attacks almost exclusively targeted grocers of Italian descent, some people believe that the victims were actually victims of an early form of mafia called The Black Hand. It was named after a method of extortion that was being used at this time in Italian neighbourhoods. However this theory is subjected to a lot of scrutiny since so many of his victims survived. If the attacks were really due to unpaid extortion debts, why were some of them killed and some of them left alive.

THEORY TWO (VENDETTAS)

Similar to The Black Hand theory, some people believe that the murders may actually have been due to vendettas, since Scillian immigrants in the US at this time had huge distrust for the authorities, so they would often settle their disputes themselves. However the similarity in the MO makes this one hard for me to believe.

THEORY THREE (JOSEPH MUMFRE)

Joseph Mumfre is probably the man thst is associated with The Axeman most often. Mumfre apparently led a blackmailing gang in New Orleans which specifically targeted American Italians, which obviously fits the victim profile. Mrs Pepitone, the widow of The Axemans final victim, was certain that Mumfre was The Axeman, claiming that she saw him running from the scene. She believed this so strongly in fact that in December 1920, a year after The Axemans final murder, Mrs Pepitone reportedly shot and killed Mumfre, which could explain why The Axemans crime.

It is believed that Mumfre spent some time in prison between 1912 and 1918, the times apparently lining up with the breaks in the Axemans crimes, which could explain why the timing was so incredibly inconsistent.

Other reportings and recordings from the time however claim that Mumfre never actually existed, putting him down to an urban legend that arose in New Orleans as a way to try to come to terms with what happened and built some kind of explanation.

THEORY FOUR (COPYCATS)

Although The Axemans MO was so incredibly specific, the many inconsistencies lead some people to believe that the crimes were actually the work of multiple assailants, who may have been working together to terrorise the community.

THEORY FIVE (DEMON)

This theory isn’t usually taken very seriously in today’s society, but it is interesting to note that at the time of the attacks many God-fearing families really started to believe this after his letter was published, largely to his ability to seemingly appear and disappear without a trace.

The Axeman Of New Orleans (UNSOLVED)

Our story begins on the night of the 22nd of May 1918 in New Orleans. The bodies of grocery store owner Joseph Maggio and his wife Catherine were discovered in pools of their own blood by Joseph’s brothers who actually lived just next door. Joseph and Catherine’s throats had been slit with a razor while they slept, Catherine’s was actually cut so deeply thst her neck was almost entirely severed from her shoulders. Their heads had then been bashed in with an ace. It was a bloody and brutal crime scene, their blood was soaked into the mattress of their marital bed.

Police discovered the point of entry to the home upon arrival, a panel had actually been chiselled out of the back door to allow the attacker to enter. It was also quickly clear that burglary was not the motive for this crime. Nothing had been taken from the home, or at least nothing of value. The blood soaked axe (which actually belonged to the couple) had been left in the bathroom, the chisel had been left by the door and the razor blade was thrown into the neighbours garden.

The police were very quick to make arrests in this case, including one of the Maggio brothers, however due to a lack of evidence all of the suspects had to be released. Due to the time severely limited the technology available, the only evidence the police were able to find was a message, scribbled in Chalk on the floor a short walk from the crime scene, which read, “Mrs Maggio will sit up tonight just like Mrs Tony.” The police connected this message to Mrs Tony Chiambra, one of a number of grocers of Italian descent that were attacked and killed between 1911 and 1912. While these cases were never officially connected to The Axeman, the similarities in both the MO and the victim profile make it seem unlikely to me that they weren’t connected in some way.

A month later, on the 27th of June, The Axeman Of New Orleans struck again. Baker John Zanca went to make a delivery to the grocery store owned by Louis Besumer just like he had many times before. When there was no sign of life from the front of the store, and no answer to his knocks, Zanca got the uncomfortable feeling that something wasn’t quite right, and he decided to walk to the back of the building where he knew that Besumer and his (supposed) wife, Harriet, would likely be sleeping. However when he did reach the back of the store, he discovered the couple lying in pools of blood, with multiple wounds to their heads, but somehow they were still alive.

The Besumers would reported waking up to extreme pain, before seeing their attacker hacking at them with their own axe. When police arrived at the scene, they saw the panel cut from the back door, saw the lack of stolen objects and saw that the Besumers axe, which was used to attack them, had once again been left in the bathroom of the home. One of the most intriguing elements to this case for me has always been the fact that The Axeman would never bring his own axe to his crime scenes, and would instead use the victims, as this suggests a lot of prior knowledge about his victims, their belongings, and where in the home these belongings were kept.

Once again, a string of arrests were made in this case, including one of Besumers employees, but due to the lack of evidence and the media frenzy which would occur, they were all released. It was discovered soon after the attack that Harriet was in fact not Besumers wife, but his mistress, which was a total scandal at the time and led to the media frenzy actually interfering with the case. This media frenzy would only worsen in the two months before Harriet would tragically die. Before she passed away, she actually pointed the blame Besumer himself, claiming that he was actually a German Spy. Police had a difficult time believing this, largely due to the fact that Besumers had received some pretty severe injuries during the attack, including a skull fracture. However they apparently came over to Harriet side because 9 months after the attack, and 7 months after Harriet unfortunate death, Besumer was arrested and actually taken to trial for the murder, where he was found not guilty and released.

The next attack would occur in August of the same year, but this time, there was only one victim. 8 month pregnant Mrs Schneider was attacked in her sleep while her husband stayed for work. Mr Schneider returned home from work to find his wife covered in blood, with some of her teeth missing and her skull cut open, but she was alive. A few days after the attack Mrs Schneider regained consciousness and told the police what little she remembered. She recaes waking to a figure hovering over her holding what she would only know to be an axe when he started to strike. Luckily Mrs Schneider made a full recovery, and her unborn baby girl was miraculously unharmed, and she was born not long after the attack.

Police were confused as to why The Axeman had attacked Mrs Schneider, the MO matched perfectly but the victim profile was so off. Mrs Schneider was neither a grocer nor of Italian descent.

Just 5 days after the attack on Mrs Schneider, an elderly Italian grocer and his wife woke to the sound of a struggle coming from the room next to theirs, where their uncle was sleeping. When they entered the room they discovered their uncle Joseph Romano with a head wound, badly bleeding, and they actually saw the attacker flee the scene. Romano neice described the attacker to police as “dark skinned, heavy set and wearing a dark suit and a slouch hat”. Once again, a panel had been removed from the door and nothing of value had been taken. Joseph unfortunately died from his injuries two days later.

Once again a media frenzy arose in New Orleans. Men began to arm themselves and watch over their families as they slept.

Police were looking into the growing list of things that simply didn’t make sense about this case. Why did The Axeman always leave the chisel behind? Why did he never bring his own axe, and how did he have this kind of knowledge of his victims belongings? And why had he killed Mrs Schneider and Joseph Romano, Mrs Schneider didn’t fit the profile, and why kill Romano and not his grocer nephew that was in the same home.

Just when the attacks began to speed up, with only 5 days between the last 2, The Axeman disappeared, for 7 long months the families of New Orleans began to hope again, wanting nothing more than for the axeman to be gone for good. But tragiy on the 10th March 1919, The Axeman returnee. When he did, nothing about his MO had changed. He entered the house through a cut out panel and he attacked the Cortimiglia fighting with The Axeman, a fight which he would lose, receiving multiple blows to the head and a fractured skull. The Axeman then turned to Rosie, and tragically her 2 year old daughter that she was cradling. The child sadly died instantly, and Rosie received a fractured skull.

Fellow grocer Iorlando Jordano lived next door, and when he heard his neighbours screams, he raised the alarm and ran into their home in attempt to help in any way he could.

Luckily, both Charles and Rosie made full recoveries, and Rosie claimed to know exactly whk did this. Rosie pointed the blame at the very man who had gotten them help, claiming that Iorlando and his son Frank had committed this heinous attack. Charles ferverently denied this, and would reportedly go on to divorce his wife because of this. The men were actually arrested and charged with the attack however, Iorlando was sentenced to life in prison and his son Frank was actually sentenced to hang. It wasnt until almost a year later that Rosie withdrew her testimony, claiming that she lied out of spite and jealousy.

A few days after this attack, there was an intriguing and chilling new development in the case. The Times Picayune newspaper received a letter from ‘hell’ and addressed to 'esteemed mortal’. The Axeman had decided to contact the people he had been keeping in fear for so long., claiming to be a 'demon from the hottest hell’ with a 'close relationship with the angel of death’ bragging that he will never be found as he wasn’t a human. He then proceeded to make an unusual proposal:

Now to be exact, at 12:15 (earthly time) on next Tuesday night, I am going to pass over New Orleans. In my infinite mercy, I am going to make a little proposition to you. Here it is:

I am very fond of jazz music, and I swear by all the devil’s in the nether regions that every person shall be spared in whose home a jazz band is in full swing at the time I have just mentioned. If everyone has a jazz band going, well, then, so much better for you people. One thing is certain, and that is that some of you people who do not jazz it up on that specific Tuesday night (if there be any) will get the axe.

When the clock struck 12:15 on the 19th of March, New Orleans was full of noise and people 'jazzing it up’. A local composer actually created a song just for that night, which would go on to become a huge hit, titled, The Mysterious Axemans Jazz. The Axeman was satisfied and there would be no attack that night and there wouldn’t be another until early August.

Grocer Steve Boca was attacked while he slept, with the exact same MO as the previous attacks. Luckily Boca recovered but couldn’t remember anything at all about the attack.

One month later on the 3rd of September, teenager Sarah Laumann was attacked during the night, and suffered severe head injuries and missing several teeth. However a lot of people question whether this was actually the work because there are several inconsistencies, from the victim not fitting the profile, to the axe being found out in the garden and not te bathroom like all the others, and most noticeably because the attacker came through the window and not through a door panel.

Another month later, there would be one final attack, another attack which isn’t confirmed to have been the work of The Axeman. Mrs Pepitone woke up to the sounds of a struggle from the next door room where her husband Mike was sleeping. When Mrs Pepitone went into the room she saw her husband in a puddle of blood, with most of the room covered in blood spatter. But while Mr Pepitone fit the victim profile, Mrs Pepitone reported seeing two neb running from the scene. Mr Pepitone would sadly die of his severe injuries very shortly after the attack.

And that was the last New Orleans would see of the mysterious and horrifying Axeman of New Orleans. Sorry for the long wait but I hope the length of the post makes up for it. I’ll probably do a follow up some different theories I can find floating around.