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Do you want to start a mushroom bed in your backyard? This might be an enjoyable outside project.  Learn How To Grow Mushrooms On Logs In A Mushroom Bed.

How to make a mushroom bed

Shiitake, maitake, lion’s mane, and woodcock mushrooms are most appropriate for outdoor cultivation. Oyster mushrooms, capable of adaptation, grow nicely on logs as well. using recently cut hardwood logs (ideally no more than a month after felling or limbing). Maple, birch, and beech are all good options as well as Poplar, a softer wood, which is recommended for oysters.

This bed should warm to 110 to 120°F in a few days. Keep this in mind and only spawn a bed when the temperature is below 90° but increases beyond 100°. Safety lies in that place. Connect a thermometer to your mattress.  Start by covering the soil with cardboard to keep out weeds and other fungi. Cover the cardboard with five inches of mulch or hardwood chips. Then apply a second layer of mulch and distribute mushroom or sawdust seeds over the hardwood mulch and making sure the bed gets wet.

How To Grow Mushrooms On Logs In A Mushroom Bed


If you wish to cultivate your own mushrooms, here are some cultivation suggestions. You only need to acquire a pre-inoculated log kit or inoculate the mushrooms in a bed of soil for simple and/or affordable work.

While on the other side, manual inoculation and extra logs or beds may need more time and/or money. This season, you may purchase mushrooms from local mushroom farmers and foragers, if you are too busy.

Growing King Oyster Mushrooms in the Garden Bed

Mulched mushroom beds are another great way to rapidly produce mushrooms on a wide scale. Beds or pathways, with the mushrooms growing in the kale and chard. Useful for oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms growing on mulch are the most practical choice. Each item listed above is necessary. Gleaming cardboard boxes, new-looking hardwood mulch, and water that has not been disturbed (rain, stream, pond, or lake, not urban).

Mushroom gardening is a fantastic choice if you want to cultivate mushrooms but don’t want to do it inside. You can’t grow mushrooms in the wild. Elm and oyster mushrooms may be grown in mushroom gardens outside. You only need wood chips, a package of mushroom seeds, and a place to keep the mushrooms moist.

Mushroom kits are a great way to start out. They are simple and will not break the bank.

Mushrooms are equal to growing one’s favorite vegetables and lettuces. Simply sprinkle mushroom seeds on wood chips, straw, or composted manure. This approach is also used with sawdust or grain breeding. Mushroom beds are great for home mushroom growers who don’t want to expend a lot of money and want to see a quick return. Mushroom bed growing is straightforward and does not require any special tools or technology.

Selecting an Area for your mushroom garden – How To Grow Mushrooms On Logs In A Mushroom Bed

How To Grow Mushrooms On Logs In A Mushroom Bed

Growing your own mushrooms is easy and satisfying. Grow a mushroom garden, and then select several methods to include mushrooms in your diet. Simply follow these steps, and you will be enjoying mushrooms all season long. First, Keep the bed’s shadow and proper ventilation for optimum temperature and humidity. Our bed is under a large tree in the backyard.

Build a hardwood frame bed using untreated timbers; reishi logs can be mixed with other types of logs! Place the bed in a shaded or veggie-lined area in the spring. To wrap the bottom of the mushroom bed, use flattened cardboard. Completely soak the cardboard with water. Dampen the sod across the entire surface.

Consider planting and cultivating some specialist mushrooms in a location that receives less sunlight. To get into mushroom cultivation, read Edible Landscaping with a Permaculture Twist by Fungi Fun Guy, Michael Judd.

Growing Pink Oy
How To Grow Mushrooms On Logs In A Mushroom Bed
ster Mushrooms At Home In Your Backyard

Growing mushrooms outside may be significantly cheaper and simpler than growing veggies. Adding this nutrient-dense crop to your garden is not required because everyone can grow it.

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus) are simple to produce, and they can be grown in a variety of mediums, making them an excellent beginner’s choice. Mushroom growing kits, such as Fungi Perfecti, provide kits for both edible and medicinal mushrooms.

Laying out a mushroom bed for beginners

Prepare the seedbed as soon as the frost-free evening arrives. Woody spawn is recommended (spawn refers to a substrate that is completely colonized by fungal mycelium and is used to inoculate the fruiting substrate). A cereal-based diet attracts mice, rats, and other pests.

How to Make & Grow a Mushroom Bed

After Spawning, clay is used to line beds in order to nourish the developing beds. This also serves to hide gaps in the surface of the beds that were caused by mushroom stump removal. Soil quality influences soil selection.

Step 2: Dig down a few inches and cover with moist wood chips. Mixed wood chips are OK as long as you grow non-picky oyster or shiitake mushrooms. Shiitake and oyster mushrooms are the finest if you’re searching for something affordable or free. Wet your woodchips for 24 hours, drain them, and then distribute them; this procedure removes aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that you don’t want in your bed. We went to clay soil and thus did not construct a weed barrier. But if you don’t want to dig that deep, feel free to do so.

This mushroom grows and flourishes in compost made especially for them. when it bears fruit, the unique feel of its crown simplifies the task Additionally, mushrooms that are grown on compost or mulch speed up and simplify harvest. For great portabello mushroom sprouts, use mature compost, mulch, and mild weather.

Building the Mushroom Bed – How To Grow Mushrooms On Logs In A Mushroom Bed

overwatered In contrast, some folks care so much about their mushrooms that they overwater them. Mold may form if there is too much moisture. Also, ensuring your mushroom bed has ample drainage. Standing water is never good. Think about how your mushroom bed will avoid puddles and flooding in your growing area.

Should I cover the mushroom bed?

At end of each bed in this kind of mound gardening, mushrooms grow.  The study I’ve done on mushroom log growth points to the importance of keeping the wood moist. The beds’ depths are easy to maintain wet because moisture will naturally seep into the exposed ends. This controls both the drying of the wood and the temperature.

Mushrooms are grown using coffee grounds.

Mushrooms, even on coffee grounds, should be added to a more carbon-rich substrate, such as sawdust or straw. Coffee has a high nutritional content, which promotes fungal growth. However, coffee grounds exacerbate infections. Mushroom growth bags are furthermore required, which adds to the waste.

Mushrooms with therapeutic qualities

Start with a kit and work your way up with a complete guide, like Herbert Wurth and Magdalena Wurth’s book, Home-Grown Mushrooms from Scratch: A Practical Book on Growing Mushrooms Outside and Indoors.

Isn’t it true that mushrooms grow in the dark?

Prevent bugs from entering. Grow area ready. Spread six inches of dark, nutrient-rich soil in your growth bed. Pressure-cook your substrate to clean and sanitize it. Add the substrate to the soil. Spore the substrate, then adjust the temperature to the growth conditions.

Wine Cap mushrooms feature a characteristic wine-red cap that fades to a light brown at maturity, with white-grey gills that approach black at maturity and a mushroom-like shape. They may be 15 cm wide and 15 cm tall, and they are one of many people’s favorite meals.

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Walrus Video

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm () Positive Body Language - Introduction

#Bodylanguage is defined as the non-#verbal #communication between two individuals or a group of individuals through physical #behaviors such as #limb #movements, #facial expressions, #eye movements, other bodily #gestures and #postures.

Today, the term has assumed so much importance and prominence in all spheres of life that without a #positive body language, none of us can #survive in the professional arena, personal lives, and in the world, in #general.

Body language comes into #picture not only during normal conversations, but also during formal #discussions, #interviews, group discussions, panel #meetings, etc. #Proper body language not only #conveys the #right message to the recipient, but also #attracts or #repels the #recipient.

#givemebody #knowyourworth
#charismauniquenessnerveandtalent
https://www.instagram.com/p/BsJXWzKlL5C/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1agzn1ltdzdrm

#bodylanguage    #verbal    #communication    #behaviors    #movements    #facial    #gestures    #postures    #positive    #survive    #general    #picture    #discussions    #interviews    #meetings    #proper    #conveys    #attracts    #repels    #recipient    #givemebody    #charismauniquenessnerveandtalent    

Teaser of L’uomo , a video i produced for OPEN17 in VENICE for Arte Communications.

L’Uomo describes the world of the man, a warning for the 21 century.Since the beginning of valorisations, man is the leading center of the arts, literature, cultures and politics. Since then, Man is told that he is the center of the world. God like.

Our planet Earth and the universe turning around his masculin ideas, which lead to the exploitation and demolition of nature, oceans and skies.He created a world civilisation and civilisation.His feeling of being superior, limits him in his own inner development.Prisoner of his own ideas, whose burden never ceasing his suffering,he goes through different states - from paradise over purgatory and hell.

He is guided by his phallus.His valorisations power and dominance.

The man lives for money is already dead. His body is full of the blood of innocence, far from the lost paradise

Also @ https://www.pornhub.com/view_video.php?viewkey=ph587be5cf1fba6

first time meetings & icebreakers: volume iii

starter sentences for first time meetings!
feel free to change the tenses/pronouns/etc. as you like!
content warnings: smoking (mentioned), swearing

  • ❝ hi! i’m [name]. looks like we’re roommates! ❞
  • ❝ i guess we’re working this job together. well, i’m [name].
  • ❝ it’s been a while since i worked with anybody! you got a name? ❞
  • ❝ well? you gonna just stand there? help me out here! ❞
  • ❝ oh, wow! can i pet your [animal/creature]? ❞
  • ❝ do you have the time? ❞
  • ❝ you got any idea what’s going on here? ❞
  • ❝ excuse me, is this where [name]works? i’m looking for them! ❞
  • ❝ that’s right! you’re looking at the one and only [name]! ❞
  • ❝ i don’t think first impressions are everything. but making a good one helps! so, i’m [name]and i guess that means you must be [name]? great to meet you! ❞
  • ❝ i’m so sorry to ask but my battery died and i really need to make a call, may i borrow yours? ❞
  • ❝ can i bum a smoke? i got a light if you need it. ❞
  • ❝ you a smoker too? loitering on the patio like this, i thought you might be. care for a cig? ❞
  • ❝ what the fuck kinda ‘get together’ is this? ❞
  • ❝ wait, wait. were you called for this job too? shit. ❞
  • ❝ small talk is lame. i’m [name]blah blah. so how do you feel about the current state of the world? ❞
  • ❝ you look like you’ve actually got a fuckin’ brain. you mind helping me out here? everyone else has been a total jackass. ❞
  • ❝ you’re waiting too? well, care for a stranger’s company? it’ll help kill the time! ❞
  • ❝ can i helpyou? you’ve been standing there like you want something. ❞
  • ❝ what can i say? really: what cani say? i’ve never had a roommate before! ❞
  • ❝ working with the new person? oh this willbe fun! ❞
  • ❝ do you have room for one more here? ❞
  • ❝ hey! i’ve got room here, come stand/sit. it’s better than being out in the shitty weather we’re having lately! ❞
  • ❝ this is the fifth time i’ve seen you today. seems like we have similar schedules! so i thought i’d come over and introduce myself. ❞
  • ❝ i’m sorry! this is going to sound reallydumb: but there’s a bug. can you squish it for me? or let it outside! i don’t care. i just need it gone. ❞

five word starters: volume iii

five word starter sentences!
feel free to change the pronouns/tenses/etc. as you like!

  • ❝ who are you waiting for? ❞
  • ❝ i don’t have many friends. ❞
  • ❝ you’ve got a friend now! ❞
  • ❝ can we do this later? ❞
  • ❝ please, just a little longer. ❞
  • ❝ do we have to do this? ❞
  • ❝ this’ll be all over soon. ❞
  • ❝ what made you so bitter? ❞
  • ❝ when did you realise that? ❞
  • ❝ how can i help you? ❞
  • ❝ how do you feel now? ❞
  • ❝ i need you to understand! ❞
  • ❝ i need someone to see! ❞
  • ❝ where do you see yourself? ❞
  • ❝ what do you see here? ❞
  • ❝ i’m sorry, but you’re wrong. ❞
  • ❝ no, you’re right about that. ❞
  • ❝ we’ll try again another time. ❞
  • ❝ we’ll get it right eventually! ❞
  • ❝ you are doing your best! ❞
  • ❝ you did all you could. ❞
  • ❝ you’re going to be fine! ❞
  • ❝ sorry, i know this hurts! ❞
  • ❝ i thought i lost you! ❞
  • ❝ you’re safe now, i promise. ❞

a softer world sentence starters: volume vi

sentence starters inspired by and based on the web comic: a softer world.feel free to change pronouns/tenses/etc. as needed!
content warnings
: swearing
  1. ❝ it’s too cold to wear a dress. ❞
  2. ❝ he’s afraid i’ll realise i can do better. ❞
  3. ❝ what else are they gonna do with it? ❞
  4. ❝ i’m glad that you’re a part of my life. ❞
  5. ❝ it would be so dull if i had to be a part of your life. ❞
  6. ❝ when i wake up next to you, half of me worries you’ll leave. ❞
  7. ❝ you’re a good person and i love you. ❞
  8. ❝ this just isn’t the life i hoped i’d have. ❞
  9. ❝ unrequited love is a waste of time! ❞
  10. ❝ just walk it off! ❞
  11. ❝ what would i do without you? ❞
  12. ❝ i feel terrible when i let you down! ❞
  13. ❝ there’s no role models for people like me! …yet. ❞
  14. ❝ man, i’m glad i’m not you! ❞
  15. ❝ sometimes he gets so angry about it that he cries. ❞
  16. ❝ moderation is like a foreign language. ❞
  17. ❝ you have to learn that shit when you’re young. ❞
  18. ❝ look. i’m just being honest! ❞
  19. ❝ i wish there was a better word than `sorry.` ❞
  20. ❝ i don’t understand your complaint. ❞
  21. ❝ there are no words for the way i feel about you. ❞
  22. ❝ i will defend to the death your right to go fuck yourself. ❞
  23. ❝ i know that i didn’t deserve you. ❞
  24. ❝ that’s okay. ❞
  25. ❝ life’s not fair. ❞

first time meetings & icebreakers: volume ii

starter sentences for first time meetings!
feel free to change the tenses/pronouns/etc. as you like!
content warnings:
smoking (mentioned), swearing

  • ❝ wait, wait. you’re— the [name]!? sorry i’m kinda star struck. ❞
  • ❝ you know [name]?! you’ve gotto introduce me! ❞
  • ❝ no! you can’t be the [name], you’re too nice! ❞
  • ❝ there’s noway you’re [name]. they’re a total jerk! ❞
  • ❝ wait. if you’re [name]then… who did i just talk to before? ❞
  • ❝ i’m sorry, you have me mistaken for someone else. ❞
  • ❝ who are you looking for? i’ll help you find them! ❞
  • ❝ you lost? don’t worry, we’ll get you back on track. ❞
  • ❝ excuse me, can you tell me where [location]is? ❞
  • ❝ this is going to sound weird but, do we know each other? ❞
  • ❝ i’m sorry, have we met somewhere before? ❞
  • ❝ do you got a light? i mean a flashlight/torch, not a lighter. ❞
  • ❝ can i bum a smoke? i can trade you gum and pocket lint. ❞
  • fuck this party. here, i’ll give you a smoke for a real conversation. ❞
  • ❝ what do i gotta do to get into a real brawl here?! ❞
  • ❝ looks like you got stood up too. wanna hang? ❞
  • ❝ you seem too nice to be here, who stood you up? ❞
  • ❝ looks like you had a shitty night too, huh? ❞
  • ❝ you look down. mind letting a stranger treat you to coffee/tea? ❞
  • ❝ do you need a hand? ❞
  • ❝ do you want some help with that? ❞
  • ❝ could you take my picture? ❞
  • ❝ could you open this for me? ❞
  • ❝ usually i don’t hang out like this. how about you? ❞
  • ❝ i’m sorry. i’m bad with introductions. can we skip this part? ❞

a softer world starters: volume iv

sentence starters based on/inspired by the web comic:a softer world.
please feel free to change pronouns/tenses/etc. as you like!
content warnings
: conflict, death (mention), food, swearing, violence (mention)

  • ❝ as they say: adventure is just one mistake away! ❞
  • ❝ i wish i had known this all along. ❞
  • ❝ you seem so happy now! ❞
  • ❝ …i didn’t even know you were sad. ❞
  • ❝ you were not a mistake! ❞
  • ❝ you made the right choice. ❞
  • ❝ there are no words sweeter than this: nothing lasts forever. ❞
  • ❝ just try to remember: we all die alone. ❞
  • ❝ all of my dreams came true. i just didn’t think them through. ❞
  • ❝ i feel like i haven’t been living my life. ❞
  • ❝ before we met i was so scared of dying. ❞
  • ❝ if the end comes today this will have been enough. ❞
  • ❝ why go out for burgers when you could have steak at home? ❞
  • ❝ i used to hope for the apocalypse. now there’s no hope at all. ❞
  • ❝ you can still back out. no one will think less of you. ❞
  • ❝ honestly i don’t care what we do. i just like hanging out! ❞
  • ❝ judge if you want! we’re all going to die. i intend to deserve it. ❞
  • ❝ if this isn’t nice, i don’t know what is. ❞
  • ❝ i wish you were dead! ❞
  • ❝ it’s called having regrets. ❞
  • ❝ i always thought violence didn’t solve anything. until the day it did. ❞
  • ❝ don’t worry, you aren’t alone. ❞
  • ❝ your heart’s in the right place, but fuck you’re stupid. ❞
  • ❝ this isn’t the life i hoped i’d have. ❞
  • ❝ i feel terrible when i let you down. ❞

a softer world starters: volume iii

sentence starters based on/inspired by the web comic:a softer world.
please feel free to change pronouns/tenses/etc. as you like!
content warnings:
alcohol (mention), death (mention), swearing
  • ❝ when i play, i play to win. ❞
  • ❝ i would give my soul to have you back! ❞
  • ❝ you handsome fuck! ❞
  • ❝ you’ll miss your parents, and the sun, but you could sing. ❞
  • ❝ imagine: scuba gear for kittens! ❞
  • ❝ everything will be okay, i’m here. ❞
  • ❝ i’m married to the sea. ❞
  • ❝ i lost everything! ❞
  • ❝ fuck politics, i just want to burn shit down. ❞
  • ❝ be the trouble you want to see in this world! ❞
  • ❝ have you heard the good news? ❞
  • ❝ at the end of the day, i’m alone with the things i have done. ❞
  • ❝ i’d rather die terrified than live forever. ❞
  • ❝ i can’t decide if this is heaven or hell. ❞
  • ❝ i love you so much, i want to shout it from the rooftops! ❞
  • ❝ there no word for the things i’ll do to the people who wronged me. ❞
  • ❝ second best isn’t so bad. ❞
  • ❝ if at first you don’t succeed: run! ❞
  • ❝ you say catastrophe, i say fuck yes! ❞
  • ❝ please don’t scream when you turn around? ❞
  • ❝ sometimes it feels pretty good to be me. ❞
  • ❝ i hate trying to put my desire into words. ❞
  • ❝ i’d rather die with the sun in my face. ❞
  • ❝ i think you’re beautiful and i’d like to kiss you. ❞
  • ❝ i was drunk when i said that. ❞

it turns out that s o m e t i m e s 
thef u t u r e
actually belongs to s o m e o n e  e l s e

a softer world starters: volume ii

starter sentences based on and inspired by the web comic: a softer world.  
feel free to change the pronouns/tenses/etc. as needed!
content warnings:
 conflict, death, war

  • ❝ i’m here because i was locked out again. ❞
  • ❝ you think they love you like i do? ❞
  • ❝ there will always be people taunting me. ❞
  • ❝ there’s magic in science! ❞
  • ❝ i should have been brave enough! ❞
  • ❝ my grandfather and father died in wars. me? we’ll see. ❞
  • ❝ when i get out of here, things will be different. ❞
  • ❝ i’m going on dates with pretty girls! ❞
  • ❝ back then, you were always laughing. ❞
  • ❝ after the incident, it was just them and me. ❞
  • ❝ we talked about the subjectivity of morals. ❞
  • ❝ i guess it doesn’t matter now. ❞
  • ❝ everyone expects me to be jealous instead of relieved. ❞
  • ❝ two years in a row, someone’s died on my birthday. ❞
  • ❝ as a child i learned that books can set you free. ❞
  • ❝ when i was young, i made windchimes from everything. ❞
  • ❝ is that all you’ve got?! ❞
  • ❝ what kind of person talks trash during a chess game? ❞
  • ❝ i wonder if there were lesbian dinosaurs? ❞
  • ❝ it’s okay, stop crying. ❞
  • ❝ i don’t know who to trust! ❞
  • ❝ maybe next year is the year. ❞
  • ❝ i dare you to say something! ❞
  • ❝ nobody else takes those quiet walks with you now, do they? ❞
  • ❝ when a person finds their calling, it shines through them. ❞

a softer world starters: volume i

starter sentences based on and inspired by the web comica softer world. 
please feel free to adjust pronouns/tenses/etc. as needed!
content warnings:
grief, death (implied), war (implied/mentioned)

  • ❝ are my parents ever coming home? ❞
  • ❝ there has to be an answer! ❞
  • ❝ they understand what i had to do for love! ❞
  • ❝ i cried for weeks, nothing could console me. ❞
  • ❝ you really think there will be no one to stop you? ❞
  • ❝ for them, this is a terrible thing. for me it’s one last chance. ❞
  • ❝ i was so sure my search would end when i found you. ❞
  • ❝ my sister and i were found abandoned. ❞
  • ❝ that was the worst snowstorm anyone could remember. ❞
  • ❝ after the war, the fallout drove us underground. ❞
  • ❝ there’s a whole world off this island. ❞
  • ❝ all it takes is one long swim to start over. ❞
  • ❝ tell my mother i love her. ❞
  • ❝ being in love is totally punk rock! ❞
  • ❝ i’m afraid to go on this mission. ❞
  • ❝ i’m afraid of sabotage, of failure. ❞
  • ❝ when i look back on that day, i can’t help but wonder. ❞
  • ❝ we could hitchhike out of here! leave this little town behind. ❞
  • ❝ yes, i believe in love. yes, i’m a dreamer. ❞
  • ❝ i’m not alone! ❞
  • ❝ what if i told you there’s more of us than you suspect? ❞
  • ❝ when you’re around, i don’t know how to hide my feelings. ❞
  • ❝ i wonder if i’m making a mistake? ❞
  • ❝ my dad says sometimes things aren’t a simple dichotomy. ❞
  • ❝ sleepovers are an integral part of a social life! ❞

first time meetings & icebreakers

starter sentences for breaking the ice and first time meetings!
feel free to change pronouns/tenses/etc. as needed!

  • ❝ you must be new! i didn’t catch your name! ❞
  • ❝ hey there! i’m [name]. looks like we’re working together! ❞
  • ❝ i’m supposed to meet [name]here. any chance that’s you? ❞
  • ❝ i don’t think we’ve met. let’s fix that, shall we? i’m [name]! ❞
  • ❝ i’m sorry to bother you! i’m new here, and… lost. can you help me? ❞
  • ❝ you look lost, do you need help? ❞
  • ❝ um, can you break this bill? i need coins for the vending machine. ❞
  • ❝ hey i’ve got extra time on the dryer; you’re welcome to it. ❞
  • ❝ excuse me, could you hand me that– ❞
  • ❝ i’m sorry; do you mind if i sit here? ❞
  • ❝ it’s your first time too, huh? ❞
  • ❝ i know a new face when i see one. ❞
  • ❝ you stick out like a sore thumb here. ❞
  • ❝ usually this isn’t a place to meet new people, but here we are! ❞
  • ❝ hey you! being a wallflower won’t gain you friends, come say hi! ❞
  • ❝ kind of a loner too, huh? maybe we can stick together? ❞
  • ❝ let’s stick together, yeah? i’m [name], how about you? ❞
  • ❝ oh no! let me help you with that! ❞
  • ❝ help! please?! ❞
  • ❝ uh! a little help here?! ❞
  • ❝ thanks! for a moment there i thought i was a goner! ❞
  • ❝ well that’s one way to make an introduction! ❞
  • ❝ oh no! i’m sorry! this is a horrible first impression! ❞
  • ❝ i think we got off on the wrong foot. can we start over? ❞
  • ❝ wait can we start over, i prefer to leave a good impression. ❞

five word starters: volume i

five word starter sentences!
feel free to change the pronouns/tenses/etc. as you like!

  • ❝ i love you so much! ❞
  • ❝ you’re very dear to me. ❞
  • ❝ can i hold your hand? ❞
  • ❝ we will always be friends! ❞
  • ❝ let’s pinkie promise on it! ❞
  • ❝ i promise: i’ll be here. ❞
  • ❝ i wish for your happiness. ❞
  • ❝ i wish to see you. ❞
  • ❝ i miss you so much! ❞
  • ❝ i wish you were here! ❞
  • ❝ i’ll be there very soon! ❞
  • ❝ oh, you actually made it! ❞
  • ❝ when we’re together, time flies!. ❞
  • ❝ don’t do that to yourself. ❞
  • ❝ all i wanted was us. ❞
  • ❝ it’s like a waking nightmare! ❞
  • ❝ you are coming with me. ❞
  • ❝ i won’t leave you behind! ❞
  • ❝ i guess i was wrong! ❞
  • ❝ that will show me, huh? ❞
  • ❝ it can’t end like this! ❞
  • ❝ can you ever forgive me? ❞
  • ❝ i trusted you back then. ❞
  • ❝ i should have known better. ❞
  • ❝ it should have been me. ❞
The kanji for military! It is pretty much just a car 車, but like an ARMORED car with a fancy bumper

The kanji for military! It is pretty much just a car 車, but like an ARMORED car with a fancy bumper or something on the front. Ready for war!

Conveniently for English speakers, 軍 has one main reading and that reading is ぐん. When you romanize it, it’s spelled like “gun” and everything! So efficient to learn!

軍 shows up in words about the military:

  • 軍人(ぐんじん) soldier, military personnel (人 person)
  • 軍隊(ぐんたい) the military, armed forces, troops (隊 squad, regiment)
  • 海軍(かいぐん) navy (海 ocean, sea)

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I made a couple posts about kanji and realized I should probably do an overall intro before I start throwing around words like “radical” so here goes.

Kanji (“Chinese characters”) is one of three types of Japanese letters, the other two being hiragana and katakana. Japan adapted the kanji from China and then made hiragana and katakana based on cursive/abbreviated versions of kanji.

Hiragana and katakana are both based on sound alone (hiragana is used for normal words and katakana for foreign words and extra emphasis). Kanji, on the other hand, have both a sound and a meaning.

So how are kanji put together? Well, say you’d never seen writing before, but you were trying to figure out a way to express English in pictures because that would be so much handier than having to be there in person to tell people stuff. You might come up with a system like ours where each symbol is supposed to be a sound, or you might do what the ancient Chinese did and go by meaning.

If you did that, it would start out pretty easy. You want to write “person”? Sure, we can do that.

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“Sun”? No problem.

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But there’s only so many simple pictures you can draw before you start needing art skills beyond what most people want to learn just to jot down a quick memo. You can start combining the pictures you have (blade+heart=ninja or whatever), but at some point this game of Pictionary is just not going to be fun for anyone anymore.

image

So what do we do now? The ancient Chinese decided to use one picture to tell you the meaning of the word and another to tell you about the sound.

Back to our English example, say I wanted to write the word “son”. Instead of trying to get that across in tiny family portraits or whatever, I could just write it like this, squashing two of my simple pictures together into one symbol:

image

It’s a person, but it sounds like “sun”. Son. Easy. Most kanji are made this way, because Chinese has a lot of words that sound alike.

The part of a kanji that carries its meaning (the “person” in this English example) is called a radical. The part that carries the sound (the “sun” here) is called a phonetic. If two kanji share a radical, that means the ancient Chinese thought they had some meaning in common. If they share a phonetic, that means that at some point in history, those words sounded similar in Chinese.

Now, languages change. Just because it made sense to the ancient Chinese doesn’t mean it still makes sense in Japanese today. But at least it helps to know this.

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This system still works in Japanese because when Japanese adapted the kanji from Chinese, they borrowed the Chinese pronunciations and a lot of Chinese words, too. The Chinese-based pronunciation of a kanji is called its “on” reading (onyomi). The on-reading is most often used in compounds, where you use two or more kanji to make a word together. Most kanji only have one or maybe two on readings. Japanese dictionaries list the on-readings in katakana because they’re originally foreign, and I’ll do the same here.

The Japanese also started writing their own words with kanji, because why make a whole new symbol for “sun” when there’s a perfectly good one already out there? The Japanese pronunciation of a kanji is called its “kun” reading (kunyomi). Kun-readings are usually used for standalone words where the kanji isn’t combined with others. Many kanji have multiple kun readings. Dictionaries list kun-readings in hiragana, and so will I.

So to summarize:

  • Kanji can be either a simple picture of something or a combination of those simple pictures.
  • When you combine simple pictures, often one (the radical) conveys a meaning and the other (the phonetic) conveys the sound.
  • Kanji originally came from China, so they have pronunciations based on Chinese (on-readings) in addition to the native Japanese pronunciations (kun-readings).

Good luck learning kanji!

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