August 7, 1782 - Washington creates the Purple Heart
“On this day in 1782, in Newburgh, New York, General George Washington, the commander in chief of the Continental Army, creates the “Badge for Military Merit,” a decoration consisting of a purple, heart-shaped piece of silk, edged with a narrow binding of silver, with the word Merit stitched across the face in silver. The badge was to be presented to soldiers for “any singularly meritorious action” and permitted its wearer to pass guards and sentinels without challenge. The honoree’s name and regiment were also to be inscribed in a “Book of Merit.”
Washington’s “Purple Heart” was awarded to only three known soldiers during the Revolutionary War: Elijah Churchill, William Brown and Daniel Bissell, Jr. The “Book of Merit” was lost, and the decoration was largely forgotten until 1927, when General Charles P. Summerall, the U.S. Army chief of staff, sent an unsuccessful draft bill to Congress to “revive the Badge of Military Merit.” In 1931, Summerall’s successor, General Douglas MacArthur, took up the cause, hoping to reinstate the medal in time for the bicentennial of George Washington’s birth. On February 22, 1932, Washington’s 200th birthday, the U.S. War Department announced the creation of the “Order of the Purple Heart.”
In addition to aspects of Washington’s original design, the new Purple Heart also displays a bust of Washington and his coat of arms. The Order of the Purple Heart, the oldest American military decoration for military merit, is awarded to members of the U.S. armed forces who have been killed or wounded in action against an enemy. It is also awarded to soldiers who have suffered maltreatment as prisoners of war.”
- History.com
This week in History:
August 4, 1944 - Anne Frank captured
August 5, 1858 - First transatlantic telegraph cable completed
August 6, 1945 - American bomber drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima
August 7, 1912 - Teddy Roosevelt nominated as Bull Moose candidate
August 8, 1863 - General Robert E. Lee offers resignation
August 9, 1877 - Nez Perce fight in the Battle of Big Hole
August 10, 1846 - Smithsonian Institution created
ThisPurple Heart, awarded to James C. Nelson after his service in World War I, can be found in the online collection of the Wisconsin Veterans Museum.
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