I hadn’t given much thought to hope, beyond it being a nice feeling to have, until I heard of CR Snyder’s cognitive model for hope which shed a new light on it for me. He proposed a model of hope where (paraphrasing) an individual may be hopeful if they have:
Goals they desire. If you don’t or can’t picture any future state you’d like then you won’t have a lot of hope.
Pathways. You need to see some ways that you may make step-by-step progress towards a goal.
Willpower or agency. You need to be motivated and believe that you have the ability to succeed at your goal.
With all of these you can imagine feeling hopeful. Without any one of them and you probably won’t so much.
The mountain is the Ogre, a wholly impossible looking peak scaled by Doug Scott and others for which I would have had zero hope to climb (no pathways, no willpower) and yet they remarkably did.
man the crazy thing about babies is that like, some people would think that reading a baby a book about farm animals is teaching them about farm animals, but really it’s teaching them about the concept of a book and how there’s new information on each page of a single object, but really,beyond that,it’s teaching them how language works, and beyond thatit’sreallyactually teaching them about human interaction, and really really it’s them learning about existing in a three-dimensional space and how they can navigate that space, but actually, above all it is teaching them that mama loves them.
Children younger than about 18 months don’t recognize themselves in the mirror, and this video shows the development of self-awareness via this construct. So cute.
toasthaste said: now wait, do they not perceive sweetness in anything, or is it just sugar? do other things taste sweet to them???
Apparently:
Domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) (herein referred to as “cats”) are neither attracted to, nor show avoidance of the taste of sweet carbohydrates and high-intensity sweeteners, yet they do show a preference for selected amino acids, and avoid stimuli that taste either bitter or very sour to humans.
Again there’s an awkward circularity in referring to “sweet carbohydrates”, which really means “carbohydrates that humans describe as sweet”, plus of course we have no idea what the internal experience of cats chowing down on those juicy amino acids is like; does steak to them taste like steak to us, or like chocolate??
See also: comparing your experience of the color red with someone else’s.
Roses are red Light’s measured in Lumens Sugar is sweet But only for humans
roses aren’t red senses can’t be trusted reality is fake it’s socially constructed
