#nursing student
a) isn’t necessary.
b) should begin immediately postoperatively.
c) should begin the day after surgery.
d) begins at a rehabilitation center.
Answer: c
Exercise should begin the day after surgery. Exercise is necessary to maintain the muscle tone of the remaining limb. Immediately after surgery, the client usually isn’t alert enough to participate and may be in too much pain. Exercise needs to begin before discharge to a rehabilitation center.
a) “Monitor fluid intake and output every 4 hours.”
b) “The client remains free of signs and symptoms of phlebitis.”
c) “Edema and warmth are noted at I.V. insertion site.”
d) "There is a risk for infection related to I.V. insertion.“
Answer: b
"The client remains free of signs and symptoms of phlebitis” is an appropriate expected outcome for this client. Monitoring fluid intake and output is a nursing intervention. Edema and warmth are objective assessment findings. Option d is a nursing diagnosis.
a) Helping the client to participate in social interactions
b) Establishing a one-on-one relationship with the client
c) Exploring the effects of the client’s behavior on social interactions
d) Developing a schedule for the client’s participation in social interactions
Answer: b
By establishing a one-on-one relationship, the nurse helps the client learn how to interact with people in new situations. The other options are appropriate but should take place only after the nurse-client relationship is established.
a) The wound should remain moist from the dressing.
b) The wet-to-dry dressing should be tightly packed into the wound.
c) The dressing should be allowed to dry out before removal.
d) A plastic sheet-type dressing should cover the wet dressing.
Answer: a
A wet-to-dry saline dressing should always keep the wound moist. Tight or dry packing can cause tissue damage and pain. A dry gauze dressing — not a plastic sheet-type dressing — should cover the wet dressing.
a) antisocial behavior.
b) manipulation.
c) poor boundaries.
d) passive-aggressive behavior.
Answer: c
The described behaviors indicate poor personal boundaries, which is the inability to differentiate between self and others. Poor boundaries are symptoms of antisocial and passive-aggressive behavior. Manipulation is an attempt to control another person.
a) Uterus
b) Blood vessels
c) Bronchi
d) Heart
Answer: d
Beta1-receptor sites are mainly located in the heart. Beta2-receptor sites are located in the uterus, blood vessels, and bronchi.
a) peripheral acrocyanosis
b) bradycardia.
c) lethargy.
d) jaundice.
Answer: c
Lethargy in the neonate may be seen with hypoglycemia because of a lack of glucose in the nerve cells. Peripheral acrocyanosis is normal in the neonate because of immature capillary function. Tachycardia — not bradycardia — is seen with hypoglycemia. Jaundice isn’t a sign of hypoglycemia.
d) "Folic acid, 400 mcg, improves pregnancy outcomes by preventing certain complications.“
Answer: d
When counseling a client who’s planning to become pregnant, the nurse should discuss the role of folic acid in preventing neural tube defects. The nurse should provide information but not prescribe the drug. It’s the client’s responsibility to ask the health care provider about a prescription. Telling the client not to worry ignores the client’s needs. Telling the client that it’s up to nature is inaccurate. Practicing good health habits is important for any person.
a) Assessment
b) Analysis
c) Implementation
d) Evaluation
Answer: d
Although the nurse is assessing pain relief, this action is considered part of evaluation, not assessment, because the nurse performed an intervention and is evaluating whether the goal has been met. During the nursing analysis (or diagnosis) step of the nursing process, the nurse labels or describes the client’s health problems or needs such as pain. During implementation, the nurse performs interventions to meet the client’s needs such as administering medication.
[last day of my clinical preceptorship today… last time I introduced myself to a patient as a student nurse… aaaaaaaaaaaaahhh how did this happen?!?!]
The registered nurse is instructing a new nursing graduate about hemodialysis. Which statement, if made by the new nursing graduate, would indicate an understanding of the procedure for hemodialysis?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
a) “Sterile dialysate must be used.”
b) “Dialysate contains metabolic waste products.”
c) “Heparin sodium is administered during dialysis.”
d) “Dialysis cleanses the blood of accumulated waste products.”
e) “Warming the dialysate increases the efficiency of diffusion.”
Answer: c, d, e
Heparin sodium is used during dialysis, and it inhibits the tendency of blood to clot when it comes in contact with foreign substances. Option 4 is the purpose of dialysis. The dialysate is warmed to approximately 100° F to increase the efficiency of diffusion and to prevent a decrease in the client’s blood temperature. Dialysate is made from clear water and chemicals and is free from any metabolic waste products or medications. Bacteria and other microorganisms are too large to pass through the membrane; therefore the dialysate does not need to be sterile.
What type of immunity is lost when a client develops human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
a) Active immunity
b) Passive immunity
c) Humoral immunity
d) Cellular immunity
Answer: d
Cellular immunity, which occurs through the T-cell system, is lost with HIV. Active immunity occurs in response to an infection or vaccines. Passive immunity occurs through an injection of immune serum, or, for an infant, from breastfeeding. Antibodies produced by B cells mediate humoral immunity.
A home health nurse has just changed a soiled dressing from an infected wound of a client’s. After placing the soiled dressing in a paper bag provided by the client, how should the nurse dispose of it?
a) Place the paper bag inside a plastic bag for disposal.
b) Throw the paper bag into a garbage can.
c) Take the bag home and dispose of it.
d) Ask the client to dispose of the bag.
Answer: a
Placing the paper bag inside a plastic bag for disposal is sufficient for protection. The other answers are inappropriate.
a) Shingles
b) Child abuse
c) Allergic reaction
d) Cultural practice
Answer: d
Many Vietnamese perform coining, a cultural practice in which a coin is repeatedly rubbed lengthwise on the oiled skin to rid the body of a disease. Coining can produce weltlike lesions on the child’s back or chest, and children subjected to the practice are often thought to have been abused. Interviewing the family and assessing its cultural background help distinguish between abuse and culture practice. Shingles, a form of herpes zoster, is a communicable disease usually affecting immunocompromised individuals and older adults. The disease produces small crusty pustules on the lower back and trunk. The description of the lesions doesn’t fit those produced by an allergic reaction.
a) lithium (Lithobid) and divalproex (Depakote).
b) verapamil (Calan) and chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
c) alprazolam (Xanax) and phenobarbital (Luminal)
d) clozapine (Clozaril) and amitriptyline (Elavil)
Answer: c
Both benzodiazepines such as alprazolam and barbiturates such as phenobarbital are addictive, controlled substances. All the other drugs listed aren’t addictive substances.
Hi guys, I just wanted to let my amazing followers know that I have switched platforms and am now on WordPress. WordPress will enable me to interact with my followers far beyond what I’m able to do here. It will also allow me to have a more user friendly for those of you who use laptops to view my blog posts rather than an application on a mobile device. A key feature that I’m very excited about is the ability to categorize my posts for easy searching. A quick tap on “Fundamentals of Nursing” will allow you to see all my posts within that category. My posts will continue to be directed to this blog with a link to view the entire post for those of you who are not quite ready to make the leap to another platform. However if you are already a member of WordPress or if it’s something you’d be willing to consider I have a link to my new blog here.Send me a message if you have any questions or concerns. I appreciate your support and I’d like to thank you for being the best followers a blogger could ask for!
In order to better understand cardiac defects, it’s best to start off reviewing how a normal heart works. First, the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava carrydeoxygenated blood into the heart (Right Atrium) from other parts of the body. The deoxygenated blood then passes through the TricuspidValve into the Right Ventricle. Thedeoxygenated blood is following the pathway through the heart in order to get to the lungs to gain oxygen, next the blood passes through the PulmonaryValveand enters the Pulmonary Artery, the pulmonary artery is special because it is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood. Once the deoxygenated blood passes through to theLungsit becomes oxygenated. The newly oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart through the Pulmonary Veins and into the Left Atrium. It then passes through the MitralValveand into the Left Ventricle. The blood is then contracted through the AorticValveinto the Aortaand to the rest of the body.
The Fetal Heart:
During the fetal period and some time after birth, the circulation is quite different. The heart has more, holes, if you will in order for the fetal blood to bypass the lungs that are unable to oxygenate blood while the fetus is in utero.
- The Foramen Ovale is an opening that allows passage of blood from the Right Atrium directly into the Left Atrium. The blood passing through is already oxygenated from the placenta.
- The Ductus Arteriosus is an opening that passes oxygenated blood from the Pulmonary Artery directly into the Aortato get pumped to the rest of the body.
Normal changes in the heart after birth:
- Ductus Arteriosus closes
- Foramen Ovale closes
- Ductus Venosus (connection from the umbilical cord) closes
Part 1 of 2 for Chapter 5 of A&P 1
Not bad, not bad at all
