A mud pool that developed in a collapsed pit. Slow loss of water by evaporation or reduced recharge from groundwater caused this mud pool to slowly dry out.
Collapsed chamber with sulphur coated walls from volcanic gases. Sulphur is picked up from the rocks deep underground by the steam, that was heated by the magma ponding at depths. At the surface, exsolving gases precipitate the sulphur as the gases mix with the atmosphere.