#anish kapoor
Anish Kapoor is at it again - Venice Biennale
Anish Kapoor is at it again – Venice Biennale
Anish Kapoor is such a hack….latest Biennale exhibition and he’s still banging on about Vantablack and his beef with Stuart Semple, even ripping off his work AND insulting him.
Really at this point I can’t work out how Anish got famous, there’s not really much there is there? I do find it funny that Stuart is selling a replica version of his work called Biennale In A Box…I suspect this beef will…
Minimalism and Radical Viewer Experience in Anish Kapoor’s Descent Into Limbo
Anish Kapoor, Descension, 2014. Whirlpool, 8 m diameter. Galleria Continua, San Gimignano.
In 2018, an unfortunate visitor to the Serralves Museum in Porto, Portugal accidentally fell into Anish Kapoor’s 1992 sculpture Descent Into Limbo — an eight foot deep black “pit” in the gallery floor (1).
In the late 1960s, Claes Oldenburg created his Placid Civic Monument, a prototype for what became known as “negative-space sculpture” (2). Less than a decade later, Land Artist Michael Heizer created another “negative sculpture” that resembled Oldenburg’s grave-like Placid Civic Monument on a much larger scale: the 1970 earthwork Double Negative (below),whose two canyon-like trenches changed the landscape of the Nevada desert (3). The LA times called Double Negative “A Hole in the Ground” (4).
These artworks raise interesting questions about the boundary between natural materials and artistic creation as well as the nature of sculpture as an art form. Other artists in the 1960s and 1970s were preoccupied with this as well. Donald Judd described contemporary art as “neither painting nor sculpture,” moving away from “forms” and toward experiences (5) like Joseph Beuys’ participatory, outdoor “social sculpture” (6). There are certainly parallels between the black hole of Descent into Limbo and the human-sized hole in Oldenburg’s Placid Civic Monument.
Anish Kapoor, Descent Into Limbo, 1992. Cubed building with a dark hole in the floor, 6 × 6 × 6 m. Serralves Museum, Porto.
Michael Heizer, Double Negative, 1969-1970. 240,000-ton displacement of rhyolite and sandstone. Mormon Mesa, Overton, Nevada.
Anish Kapoor’s Descension(above) is also part of the expanded idea of sculpture as formless experience that compelled artists like Donald Judd, who once said that “a work needs only to be interesting” (7). When it was installed in San Gimignano in 2015, gallery visitors could walk right up to the edge of Descensionand watch as the dark, churning water was sucked loudly down an invisible drain. There’s something very unsettling about this whirlpool. Art historian Sarah Andress describes Anish Kapoor’s sculptures as “at once about presence and vacancy, materiality and ethereality…” (8). Many allow visitors to enter and experience them, while others are such voids that they block even the visitor’s gaze from entering the space of the artwork.
This was the case with Descent Into Limbo (above), which looked like a flat circle painted on the floor of the gallery. The visitor who fell into the work in Portugal was certainly surprised by the depth of the work’s interior. I would call his a radical viewer experience, although not a positive one.
Art critic Leo Steinberg was an early proponent of art-viewing as an embodied experience, and described artworks as “situation[s]” involving “the beholder” (9). Minimalist sculptures like Robert Morris’ mirrored cubes (below) (10) were created with viewer experience in mind. As you circumambulate the gallery, your own presence changes and animates the installation. The same thing happens when you walk under Anish Kapoor’s bean-like Cloud Gate in Chicago: you, the sky, and the cityscape are part of the work. Some of Kapoor’s work is heavily influenced by Minimalism — simple forms, industrial materials, and embedded into the world of the viewer. But what about his voids?
Robert Morris, Untitled, 1965, reconstructed 1971. Mirror glass and wood, 91.4 × 91.4 × 91.4 cm (each). Tate.
Donald Judd wrote that “most sculpture is made by part, by addition, composed” (11). When we think of sculpture in the 1960s and beyond in terms of addition we might think of both the positive addition of materials (to create a three-dimensional form) and the addition of the outside world into the artwork itself. From social sculpture to Relational Aesthetics to contemporary artworks that utilize augmented reality, virtual reality, and physiological or affective computing, we as viewers are conditioned to expect participation. In the 1990s, Carol Duncan talked about “the wish for ever closer encounters with art” that affected not only curators and exhibition designers but artists and viewers as well (12). Even more than the negative sculptures of Oldenburg and Heizer, Descent Into Limbo is nothing. Part of what makes this work so extraordinary (and why Kapoor’s exclusive Vantablack paint is so controversial) is because it offers no “phenomenological directness”: viewers can see the artwork in the gallery, but they cannot “enjoy a perceptual experience [where] physical things and their properties seem to be directly present to [them]” (13). Thinking about the visitor who fell into Descent Into Limbo with all of this in mind, it’s perhaps possible to understand how a frustration with Kapoor’s void — a literal black hole that refuses all sensory experience and participation — might create a desire for a radical viewer experience.
5. Donald Judd, “Specific Objects,” 1.
7. Judd, “Specific Objects,” 4.
8. Sarah Andress, “Atmospheric Pressure,” Art on Paper 13, no. 5 (2009): 18.
9. Kerr Houston, “Leo Steinberg and Robert Morris’s “Notes on Sculpture”,” Notes in the History of Art 33, no. 1 (2013): 39-40.
11. Judd, “Specific Objects,” 3.
12. Carol Duncan, “The Art Museum as Ritual,” in Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums (London: Routledge, 1994), 433.
13. Boyd Millar, “The Phenomenological Directness of Perceptual Experience,” Philosophical Studies 170, no. 2 (2014): 239.
Dismemberment Site 1, Anish Kapoor
A bloody catwalk
Anish Kapoor at the Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice. Photos: Art Ruby
Episode 5: Art and Travel Rants by Crossed And Faded • A podcast on Anchor
We talk a little about art and chicago.