#surplus
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The working class, or proletariat, are waged employees. They rely on this wage to survive.
They are hired to make money (surpluses) for their employers. In order to keep a job, workers must create more wealth than they receive in wages.
Employers collect these surpluses. Everything left after wages are paid is profit. Employers therefore receive more wealth than they create.
How profit is created and distributed (simplified).
Under capitalism, the wealth dynamic resembles that of older economic systems - lord and serf, or master and slave.
In each instance, those who work create surpluses, and in turn may receive enough to survive, but not enough to escape reliance on the exploiter.
The use of ‘exploiter’ is not moralistic. Under capitalism, individuals must be one or the other - employer or employee, exploiter or exploited. The relationship is systemic.
Wage competition between workers forces wages down.
When workers cannot live on the wage, the capitalist state subsidises the employer through welfare schemes.
If workers could not live, the market would collapse.