#bookplates
This post was written by Natasha Skorupski, a Department of Classics Intern in Archives & Special Collections for the Spring of 2022.
Archives & Special Collections at the University of Pittsburgh holds many rare books and printed materials. During my internship with the Hillman library and the Classics Department, I came across an interesting book: Harmonia Macrocosmica or Atlas Universalis Et Novus created by Andreas Cellarius and published in 1708. However, it was not the words or even the illustrations that interested me; instead I was taken by how the book was printed. The images and texts seemed to be printed on one page and then that page was bound to another.
(Above) If you look very closely you can see a faded line parallel to the final bordering black line. The faded line marks where the page, containing the colored print and illustrations, is adhered to the blank page that is part of the bound book.
For hours I searched trying to figure out the name and more about this process. Eventually I came upon a small bit of information. Tip in (or tipping-in) printing is when a printed sheet is inserted into a book or manuscript by gluing (or stapling) it to an existing page. However, the printed page is not part of the book’s binding (Glossary of Book Terms). This was exactly what I was looking for, except after discovering this, I could find absolutely nothing directly about its history. From searching many different sources and putting pieces together, I came across this conclusion—the original printed pages were mass produced and then (at least for this manuscript) the illustrations were hand painted in, and the paint looks quite similar to a watercolor based paint.
Having the pages as individual sheets allows for multiple people to be working on the pages at once, and also allows the artist to immediately move to the next page without having to wait around for the paint to dry. Whenever the paint on the page has dried, it can be bound or glued to a bound book. This is a slower process as only one page can be done at a time, and the glue/paste binding the pages together must fully dry before one is able to move onto the next page. While it was hard finding out about the background of these types of books, there were numerous resources on how to paste bookplates and individual pages into a book.
The process of binding pages together is extremely simple and is precisely what you think it would be. There are tiny variations in the process, but I will explain to you the one I found on the website of wood engraver and illustrator Andy English. The materials he used were a bookplate, scrap paper, pencil, small brush (good enough to avoid bristles detaching themselves), glue, a soft cleaning cloth, and a container to mix in (English).
(Above) Image from “Pasting Bookplates into Your Books” by Andy English, 2021.
He recommended PVA (Polyvinyl acetate) glue as it is easily thinned with water, flexible, and acid free. This is important as his mixture is about 60% glue and 40% water, with is mixed in the container. However, he notes that he uses a little less water for paperbacks. Before you start, make sure to wash your hands and keep them clean at all stages. Take the bookplate/page you wish to attach and place it on the book/page where you want it. If you wish, you may mark in faint pencil marks the corners of where the attached page will go. Once the mixture is made, place the bookplate/page face down on a clean piece of scrap paper (photocopy paper is perfect). Take some paste on the brush and (holding the plate firmly with a finger) brush the paste on the bookplate/page from the center going outwards (English).
(Above) Image from “Pasting Bookplates into Your Books” by Andy English, 2021.
It is important not to overload the plate with paste! Once the paste is on, take the bookplate/page and hold it above where you want to place it in the book. Then carefully, but deliberately, place it onto the book and smooth it down. If there is a little too much glue, use a clean cloth (lightly dampen with clean water) to wipe it carefully and use light pressure to avoid damaging the surface of the paper (English).
(Above) Image from “Pasting Bookplates into Your Books” by Andy English, 2021.Lastly, leave the book open until it has thoroughly dried.
Works Cited
English, Andy. “Pasting Bookplates into Your Books.” Pasting In Your Bookplates, PB Hosts, 2021, https://www.andyenglish.com/pasting-in-your-bookplates.
“Glossary of Book Terms.” AbeBooks, AbeBooks, 28 Mar. 2022, https://www.abebooks.com/books/rarebooks/collecting-guide/understanding-rare-books/glossary.shtml#T.