Time for more grammar! I think I would consider this one to be… intermediate? But I don’t remember seeing it actually introduced in any of the textbooks I’ve check out! Anyway, let’s take a look at -토록, a grammar point used to indicate a certain extent of something.
Face mask - (마스크)팩 To do a face mask - (마스크) 팩하다 Paint your nails - 매니큐어를 바르다 Watch TV - 티비를 보다 Watch a movie - 영화를 보다 Pillow - 베개 To not do anything - 아무것도 안하다 To sleep - 자다 To sleep all day - 하루 종일 자다 To rest - 쉬다 Nail Polish - 매니큐어 / 네일 폴리쉬
영어 - English 미술 - Art 수학 - Maths 체육 - Sports / PE 과학 - Science 생물학 - Biology 역사 - History 기술 - Technology 음악 - Music 공부하다 - To study 학교 - School 과목 - Subject
Let’s make some sentences with our new vocabulary!
“공부했어요?“ - “Did you study?”
“영어 공부했어요?” - “Did you study English?”
“공부해야돼” - “I have to study.”
“도서관에서 공부했어요“ - “I studied at the library”
“공부하고 있어요” - “I am studying”
“요즘 영어 공부하고 있어요.“ - “I’ve been studying English lately.”
Some reading and listening resources for you, my Korean studying friends :) Please also recommend me any resources you use, especially apps, I’m hungry for Korean resources!
“Relationship tips and psychology tests.” Articles introducing research studies on relationships, sex, breakups etc. in very easy-to-read language and with cute illustrations.
Language posts about any interesting grammar points/expressions/words that pop up in Humans of Seoul interviews. The Humans of Seoul page itself is also really good for reading practice.
전 - Before / ago 후 - After / later/from now (in) ~에 is added as it is a time particle
저는 5 분 전에 출발했어요 - I left 5 minutes ago 저는 5 분 후에 출발할 거예요 - I’m leaving in 5 minutes from now
~기 is added to the verb stem when 전 is used after a verb ~은/ㄴ is added to the verb stem when 후 is used after a verb (은 is added if the verb stem ends in a consonant, ㄴ is added if the verb stem ends in a vowel)
직전에 - Just before 직후에 - Right after
저는 학교에 가기 전에 아침을 먹어요 - I eat breakfast before I go to school 비가 오기 전에 저는 갔어요 - I went before it rained 저는 수업 직전에 숙제를 했어요 - I did my homework just before class 영화를 본 후에 친구는 만날 거예요 - After the film I will meet my friend 그 책을 다 읽은 후에 저도 빌려 주세요 - Please lend me that book after you have finished reading it 저는 저녁을 직후에 텔레비전을 봐요 - I watch TV right after dinner
테마파크 - Theme park 입장료 - Admission/entrance fees 놀이 기구 - Amusement park rides 타다 - To ride 관람차 - Ferris wheel 회전목마 - Carousel 롤러코스터 - Rollercoaster 동물 - Animals 줄 - Line/queue 머리띠 - Headband/Alice band 즐겁다 - To have fun
놀이공원에 가는 것은 재미있을 거예요 - It will be fun to go to an amusement park 놀이공원 같이 가고 싶어요! - I want to go the amusement park together! 입장료 얼마예요? - How much is the entrance fee? 뭘 타고 싶어요? - What do you want to ride? 놀이 기구 앞에 줄이 너무 길어서 한 시간 반을 기다렸어요 - Since the line in-front of this ride was so long I waited an hour and a half 다음에 관람차를 탈까요? - Shall we ride the Ferris wheel? 이 놀이 기구는 제가 가장 좋아하는 것이에요 - This ride is my favourite 놀이공원에 가면 머리띠 해야 돼요! - You have to wear a headband/Alice band when you go to an amusement park! 우리는 놀이공원에서 동물들을 봤어요! - We saw animals at the amusement park! 저는 오늘 매우 즐거웠어요 - I had a lot of fun today 저는 가족들이랑/친구들이랑 같이 놀이공원을 갔어요 - I went to an amusement park with my family/friends
언제나 / 항상 - Always 자주 - Often 가끔 - Sometimes 보통 - Usually 별로 (+안) - (not) Really/very much 거의 (+안) - Almost (never) 전혀 (+안) - (not) At all 결코 - Never 매주 - Every week 매일 - Every day 늦게 - Lately 요즘 - These days 꼭 - Without fail/certainly 그동안 - In the mean time
매주 얼마나 자주 운동해요? - How often do you exercise each week? 요즘 별로 운동을 안해요 - I don’t exercise much these days 저는 보통 주말에 일어요 - I usually work on the weekends 저는 매주 춤을 연습해요 - I practise dancing every week 제가 요즘은 텔레비전을 거의 안 봐요 - I almost never watch television these days 제 친구가 항상 공부하는데 저는 보통 공부를 안해요 - My friend always studies but I usually don’t study 저는 보통 학교에 가기 위해 일찍 일어나지만, 오늘은 우연히 늦게 일어났어요 - I usually get up early to go to school, but today I accidentally got up late
뭘 좋아해요? - What do you like? Kpop을 좋아해요 - I like Kpop 샤이니를 좋아해요 - I like SHINee 태연의 신곡을 좋아해요? - Do you like Taeyeon’s new song? 굉장히 좋아해요 - I really like it 어느 계절 좋아해요? - Which season do you like? 여름을 좋아해요 - I like summer 저는 따뜻한 날씨를 좋아해요 - I like warm weather 시간이 있을 때 뭐 하는 것을 좋아해요? - What do you like to do when you have time? 저는 레드벨벳 노래 듣는 것을 좋아해요 - I like listening to Red Velvet songs 저는 드라마 보는 것을 좋아해요! - I like watching dramas!
싫어하다 - To dislike/hate
왜 싫어해요? - Why don’t you like it? 저는 일찍 일어나는 것을 싫어해요 - I hate getting up early 저는 학교에 가는 것을 싫어해요 - I don’t like going to school 저는 더운 날씨를 싫어해요 - I hate hot weather 저는 큰 개를 싫어해요 - I don’t like big dogs 저는 귀신을 싫어해요 - I hate ghosts 저는 높은 곳을 싫어해요 - I hate high places
Adding -(으)ㄹ 거예요 to the end of a sentence enables you to make a statements and questions in the future tense. For example:
저는 열심히 공부할 거예요 - I will study hard
내일 쇼핑할 거예요 - I’m going shopping tomorrow
저는 다음 주에 운동을 많이 할 거예요 - I am going to exercise a lot next week
금요일에 뭐 할 거예요? - What will you do on Friday?
Adding -(으)ㄹ게요 has a similar meaning, allowing you to make statements in the future tense but it is less blunt than -(으)ㄹ 거예요 as the speaker is checking with the listener before completing the proposed action. The listener, therefore, has to be related to the situation.
나중에 전화 할게요 - I will call you later
곧 연락 할게요 - I’ll be in touch soon
죄송합니다. 저는 바빠서 먼저 갈게요 - Sorry, I’m busy so I will leave first
제가 우리 단톡방에 보낼게요 - I’ll send it to our group chat
다시 보낼게요 - I’ll send it again
이거 한 뒤에 할게요 - I’ll do it after this
Unlike -(으)ㄹ 거예요, which can be used in first, second and third person, -(으)ㄹ게요 can only be used with first person as the subject.
This speaks for itself I really don’t have to explain how to use it because it is quite simple.
ㄱ: 왜 지나치게 공부하고 있는건데? 넌 엄청 이상해~ ㄴ: 난 고대에 가고 싶어서 열심히 공부해야겠다. ㄱ: 근데 그렇게 공부할 필요가 없잖아! ㄴ: 내가 이렇게 계속 공부하다 보면 고대학에 들어갈 수 있을거야.
영어 해석
ㄱ: Why are you studying so intensely? ㄴ: I want to get into Korea universities to I have to study hard. ㄱ: but you don’t need to study like this! ㄴ: if I continue to study like this then I will be able to get into Korea University
New vocab 고대학 - Korea university (반말) 지니치게 - Intensely
