#polyglot

hetalian801:

joxcore:

thenon-fictiondays:

a1tam0nt:

arthipedic:

tilthat:

TIL Russians do not actually use the term comrade and the term is actually translated as tovarisch and used as such

viareddit.com

“russians don’t use the english word comrade, they use the russian word for comrade”

Russians use the Russian word for things when talking to other Russian people in Russia.

The thread closed pretty quick but I screenshotted the best replies

same energy

historialoha:

The Hawaiian language is as interesting as it is complicated, and it’s impossible to travel to the Hawaiian islands without encountering it in some form or another. Whether it’s on street signs, landmarks, or simply trying to explain which island you’ll be visiting, you will be using the language in some way during a visit.

Let’s start with the basics:

The Hawaiian language consists of 13 letters, including five vowels, seven consonants, and a glottal stop known as an `okina.

Vowels are usually pronounced in much the same way one would expect to pronounce them in Spanish:

1. a ——> “ah”
2. e ——> “eh”
3. i ——-> “ee”
4. o ——> “oh”
5. u ——> “ooh”

Consonants in the Hawaiian language are:

1. K
2. L
3. W
4. H
5. M
6. N
7. P

And lastly, there’s the `okina. The `okina represents a glottal stop. Say the phrase “uh-oh” out loud. Do you hear the little break between “uh” and “oh”? That’s a glottal stop. The `okina is represented with a ` , similar to a backwards apostrophe. Not all fonts allow for this, though, so a regular apostrophe is often used in its place.

All consonants in the Hawaiian language are followed by a vowel. That is to say, a word cannot end in a consonant, and two consonants cannot be written or spoken together.

It is possible, though, to have two vowels next to each other. Similar vowels, like two a’s, will have an `okina between them, like in the word “ʻaʻā” (pronounced “ah-ah”), which means “stony, rough lava.” Dissimilar vowels, on the other hand, lead a speaker to form different vowel sounds that are not possible using the standard vowels on their own. “Pau,” for example, is often used today to mean “done” or “finished,” and is pronounced like the English word “pow.” Similarly, “Lanikai” on the island of O`ahu, is pronounced “lah-nee-kye.”

The individual vowels are still pronounced, but because of the way they are spoken together, they form a different sound. Take “pau” again, for instance. Technically, it’s pronounced “pah-ooh,” but when spoken, it forms a “pow” sound like we use in English.

(Photo via Wikipedia)

Captain Cook discovered the Hawaiian islands in 1778, marking the first time the language had ever been heard by Europeans. Prior to discovery, and for a period of time immediately afterwards, the Hawaiian language had no written representation other than picture symbols in the form of petroglyphs.

(Photo via maiabegiashvili.blogspot.com)

It wasn’t until the arrival of other Europeans and protestant missionaries in the early 1800s that the Hawaiian language took a written form. The missionaries used written language as a means of spreading their religion, and interestingly, it led to a nearly 100% literacy rate, a feat which many countries today have trouble emulating.

These missionaries weren’t all good for the language, though. Many of the missionaries discouraged the use of the Hawaiian language, and many parents saw the language as a barrier to success for their children. As a result, the number of Hawaiian speaking individuals dropped from 37,000 to just 1,000 around the turn of the 20th century.

This loss of culture led to a revival for the language, though, and in 1949, the first Hawaiian-language dictionary was printed. Also around this time, Hawaiian-immersion preschools began to form, which took English-speaking children and put them into a formal schooling environment in which the Hawaiian language was used.

Still, in 1997, there were only 2,000 native speakers of Hawaiian left in the islands. The late 90s and early 2000s brought a new push towards reviving the language, and its numbers are now above 24,000.

The island of Ni`ihau, is currently the only location in the world where the Hawaiian language is predominant. On Ni`ihau, children are raised speaking Hawaiian, and around the age of 8, they begin to learn English. The preservation of the language on this island is only possible because of its status as a privately owned property and the fact that outsiders are prevented from communicating with residents.

While there are many more nuances to the Hawaiian language, these are simply the basics. After reading this, you should be able to pronounce street names like Waiānuenue Avenue, Kawaihae Road, and Haleakalā Highway, right?

Maybe not yet, but with a little practice you could do so without any trouble at all.

Раз уж у нас идет месяц транспорта, давайте поговорим о самолетах. Боитесь ли вы на них летать? Меня лично напрягают аэропорты гораздо больше, чем самолеты - вся эта бюрократия, проверки… нет, не мое. А вот летать бояться не надо, и вот, почему:

Fear of flying is its own category of phobia, and it is a common one. However, the facts dictate that flying remains one of the safest ways to travel. The chance of dying in a transportation-relatedaccident in the US, for example, is one in 6,800. The chance of dying in a plane crash? One in 13 million. That doesn’t stop us from being scared when boarding a plane—and yet not think twice about stepping into our car.

Help (and logic) is at hand

Whileturbulenceis what passengers fear most, planes are now built in such a way that turbulence cannot cause a plane to crash. Most turbulence-related injuries are the result of unfastened seatbelts and falling luggage. According to an article in Slate, the last plane crash due to turbulence alone was back in 1966. So turbulence might make you feel queasy, it’s not going to endanger you.

Keep calm and Candy Crush

There are other ways to psychologically prepare yourself for a smooth flight. 

• Make everything as slow as possible: Going to the airport, checking in, boarding. 
  
• Never forget the real purpose of the flight. Is it for vacation? Spending good times with friends or family? Keep your eye on the goal, as the flight is usually a means to a happy one.
  
• Beoccupiedinstead ofpreoccupied. Try to do some art therapy, play games or chat with neighbors.
  

accident:авария
to board a plane: сесть в самолет (дословно - зайти на борт)
to step into a car: сесть в машину (дословно - зайти в машину) 
turbulence: турбулентность
unfastened seatbelt: расстегнутый ремень безопасности
queasy:тошнотворный
to check in: зарегистрироваться (на полет)
occupied:занятый
preoccupied:озабоченный

Машины, лодки, самолеты - тут же целый склад для новых слов и интересных идиом! Посмотрите, какие все интресные:

to be in the same boat (дословно - быть в одной лодке): быть в похожей неприятной ситуации

• She’s always complaining that she doesn’t have enough money, but we’re all in the same boat. Она постоянно жалуется о нехватке денег, но мы все в одной лодке.
  

it’s the my way, or the high way! говорят, когда ставят ультиматум: либо все делается моим путем, либо проваливаешь отсюда.

• From now on, it’s either my way or the high way! Начиная с этого момента, либо следуешь моим указаниям, либо валишь!
  

third wheel (дословно - третье колесо): третий лишний. Думаю, в дополнительных объяснениях не нуждается )))

• Are you sure I can come with you and your boyfriend? I don’t want to be the third wheel. Ты уверенна, что я могу пойти с тобой и твоим парнем? Я не хочу быть третим лишним. 
  

cart before the horse (дословно - тележка перед лошадью): делать что-то в неправильном порядке.

• Aren’t you putting the cart before the horse by deciding what to wear for the wedding before you’ve even been invited to it?  Не думаешь, что это немного неправильный порядок - решать, что надеть на свадьбу, прежде чем тебя пригласили?
  

right up my/your alley (дословно - прямо по моей аллее): что-то, в чем я/ты очень заинтересован, по моей/твоей части. 

• Apply for that job! Sounds right up your alley. Подавай на эту работу! Это как раз по твоей части. 
  

Мы продолжаем неделю транспорта, и я тут наткнулась на интересную статью. О системе машин напрокат, например, всем известно. А велосипедах, допустим, тоже. А как насчет самокатов? Это что-то новенькое! А они, в каком-то смысле, все равно завоевали город. Давайте почитаем:

Bird, a startup run by former Uber executives, launched the scooters in Santa Monica last September. Hundreds weredeposited around the city overnight, the devices soubiquitouspeople literally tripped over them. Since then, they have taken over the town. Download an app, scan a scooter’s barcode and go. You leave the scooter on the pavementfor the next rider.

It aims to solve the “last mile” problem: a distance too far to walk and too short to drive. Marlon Boarnet says scooters canfacilitate these short trips.

The Guardian tried them out last week. The longest journey was three miles. It took 17 minutes and cost $3.55. The experience was positive. Scooters were easy to find with the app’s map pinpointingdevices left by trees, parking meters, benches and doorways. In addition, since both hands are needed to steer it is difficult to text or fiddle with your phone.

Riders are supposed to belicenseddrivers, helmeted and are meant to ride on streets. Still,improperuse abounds.  Few wear helmets in Santa Monica. It is common to see children riding scooters, two people on one scooter, parked scooters cluttering sidewalks etc.

But there’s another concern. Won’t people have even less incentive to walk and exercise? Let’s hope not. With the scooters at least you have to stand.

(Source)

executive:руководитель
scooter:самокат
deposit: (здесь) оставить, откладывать
ubiquitous:встречающийся повсюду
pavement:тротуар
facilitate:способствовать
to try something out: попробовать что-то 
to pinpoint: определить
to steer: направлять, управлять рулем
license:лицензия 
improper:неправильный
to clutter:загромождать

Привет! Тема мая у нас немного нетипичная - транспорт и средства передвижения ;) Обещаем, что будет интересно! Мы не будем писать банальные банальности (”машина”, “автобус”, “самолет”), поэтому смотрите слова ниже:

station:станция
train:поезд
catch/get on: сесть (на поезд, автобус)
get off: сойти
underground: метро
platform: платформа
journey: путешествие
depart / leave: отбывать, уезжать
arrive:прибыть
engine:двигатель
rails:рельсы
aisle:проход
traffic lights:светофор
traffic jam:пробка
port:порт
ship:корабль
embark on a journey: отправиться в путешествие
dock:док, пристань
sail: плыть (о корабле, лодке)
bridge:мост
zebra crossing: зебра (пешеходный переход)

Признавайтесь, как часто в залипаете на картинки и видосы с миленькими животными? Я вот постоянно так делаю. Оказывается, это очень для нас полезно - подтверждено наукой ;) Читайте:

Now new research has revealed that looking at cute images of baby animals doesn’t just make you feel warm and fuzzy inside, but can actually improve your work performanceand help you concentrate.

Through three experiments a team of scientists found that people showed higher levels of concentration being shown pictures of puppies or kittens. The participants who were shown images of puppies and kittens performed their tasks better than those who looked at cats and dogs or sushi and pasta. Performance scores improved by 44%. 

This finding suggests that viewing cute images makes participants behave more deliberatelyand perform tasks with greater time and care,’ said the researchers, according to the published paper. It also improves carefulness, possibly by narrowingthebreadthofattentional focus.’

The study’s authors write that in the future cute objects could be used as a way to triggeremotions ‘toinducecareful behavioral tendencies in specific situations, such as driving and office work.’

Source

fuzzy: буквально - “нечеткий, пушистый”, но в сочетании с warm and fuzzy inside означает что-то близкое к “греть душу”, “теплый и пушистый”, в зависимости от контекста
performance: здесь - результаты, показатели
concentrate:концентрироваться
task: задача
deliberately: cознательно, умышленно
to narrow:сузить
breadth:ширина
attentional focus: внимание
trigger:вызывать
to induce:побудить
tendency: тенденция

Сегодня ваша любимая рубрика с идиомами - на этот раз идиомы о братьях наших меньших :) Какие из этих идиом вы уже знали?

let the cat out of the bag: разболтать, проговориться, рассказать информацию кому-то (обычно случайно)

• Who let the cat out of the bag?! Кто проболтался?
  
• Tell him I’m sorry for letting the cat out of the bag: Скажи ему, что мне жаль, что я проболтался. 

the elephant in the room: что всем очевидно, но на что не обращают внимание, что не обсуждается (очень актуально в каких-то политических беседах)

• I think it’s time we discuss the elephant in the room: Думаю, сейчас самое время поговорить об очевидном. 

like a fish out of water: дословно - рыба без воды, то есть человек вне своего привычного окружения или занятий. 

• I hate working here. I feel like a fish out of water: Ненавижу здесь работать. Чувствую себя, как рыба без воды. 
  
• At some point in your life, you will feel like a fish out of water. It’s normal. В какой-то момент, ты почувствуешь себя, как рыба без воды. Это нормально. 
  

red herring: ложный след, отвлекающий маневр.

• This game really makes you think. Some of their clues are actually a red herring. Эта игра заставит тебя по-настоящему задуматься. Некоторые из их “подсказок”, на самом деле - отвлекающий маневр. 
  

wouldn’t hurt a fly: аналог русского “и мухи не обидит”, то есть добродушный, кроткий человек. 

• Victor couldn’t kill anyone! He wouldn’t hurt a fly: Виктор никого не мог убить! Они и мухи не обидит.  

the world is your oyster: перед тобой открыты все двери, все в твоих руках. 

• Just remember, the world is your oyster: Просто помни, что все в твоих руках

pet peeve: больная мозоль, причина особого раздражения

• Dirty dishes are my pet peeve: Я особенно ненавижу грязную посуду
  
• This has long been one of my pet peeves: Это уже давно было причиной моего особого раздражения
  

Мы нашли для вас статью, которая расскажет, как сказать на английском “олененок”, “утенок” и “гусенок”. Расскажите, знали ли вы эти слова раньше?

BABY BIRDS

Youngeagles(орел) areeaglets,owls(сова) are owlets. Ornithologists often call young birds chicks, nestlings or fledglings, but swans(лебедь),geese(гусь) and ducks(утка), have a specific word —cygnets,goslingsandducklings, respectively.

MAMMALS AND MARSUPIALS

‘fawn,’ the word for deer(олень) young, comes from the Old English word for ‘glad’. 

MARINE ANIMALS

Why are baby fish(рыба) called fry? That’s not a great word for the future of those fish, is it? Brian Sidlauskas, associate professor at Oregon State University says it’s an Old Norse word, “frío, freó, fraé meaning seed or offspring.” At one time it was used to refer to young of all kinds, including humans and bees as well as fishes.

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