#transport

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Moscow Subway Stations to Check Out When You’re in Russia

Moscow Metro Station is the most beautiful and luxurious metro station in the world, just like a huge underground art gallery.

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The Moscow Metro was built in the 1930s. At that time, Soviet leader Stalin used the subway as an ideological propaganda tool. He said: The subway must have the function of educating the people. At that time, the most outstanding architects and artists of the Soviet Union were assembled, and a large number of “tall” subway stations were built at any cost, which is very communist-chan. Although it costs a lot of money and labor, it has left an extremely precious artistic wealth for future generations.

The Moscow metro system consists of 14 lines (four of which will be connected in pairs in subsequent construction), with a total length of 360 kilometers, a total of 212 stations, 44 of which are listed as cultural heritage, and more than 40 metro stations are architectural monuments. It is the sixth busiest subway system in the world in terms of passenger flow (after Beijing, Tokyo, Shanghai, Seoul, and Guangzhou).

Each subway station has a unique shape and style, elegant and gorgeous, worth exploring, designed by a separate architect, and there are many renowned masters among them. Among the more than 200 subway stations, there will never be two that are the same. Each subway station uses stone from more than 20 different origins in the former Soviet Union Ural Mountains, Altai, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Ukraine, and paves the walls and floors, as well as reliefs and mosaics composed of marble, granite, ceramics, and multicolored glass. The mosaic paintings are dazzling and completely subvert the concept of the subway.

Every day the people of Moscow travel, it is like experiencing a baptism of beauty. The escalators leading to the exit were arranged in an orderly manner, standing consciously to the right.

In the initial stage of the construction of the Moscow subway, considering its military function, Stalin asked to dig deep at all costs. The subway with a maximum depth of 100 meters played an important role in the Great Patriotic War. In addition to becoming a well-equipped wartime headquarters, It can also serve as a wartime shelter, makeshift hospital, an air-raid shelter.

I remember the day I went to watch the semi-finals. When I got up from the subway, the Croatian fans and the English fans each occupied an ascending elevator to sing to each other. I held the phone and recorded the video for more than two minutes.  Of course, there is another reason: this day is a match day, so you can take the subway with your FAN ID card! flower! money!

The Komsomolskaya Station of Line 5 (Комсомольская)

Built in 1952, has a Baroque style and is the pinnacle of Stalin’s empire architecture. Marble columns, elegant chandeliers, like a luxurious underground palace. The bright yellow mortar vault is dotted with exquisite mosaic mosaics on both sides, depicting famous generals, including Alexander Suvorov, Kutuzov, Peter the Great, Dmitry Donskoy, etc.

Line 5 Kiev Station (Киевская)

Built in 1954, the murals reflect the scenery and history of Ukraine. The sturdy Cossacks on the Don River, beautiful Ukrainian girls and ethnic dances, the beautiful scenery of Crimea and the Black Sea, and the gorgeous hollow plaster frames are the pinnacle of luxurious decoration of subway stations. Near the exit is the Kiev railway station leading to Ukraine.

Line 5 Xinzhuang Station (Новослободская)

Built in 1952, the designer is Alexey Dushkin, there are 32 brilliant stained glass murals, reminiscent of the glass windows in the church. Six of them describe the lives of the socialist people.

The Belarusian Station of Line 5 (БЕЛОРУССКАЯ)

Opened in 1952, is named because the exit is the railway station leading to Belarus. The sculptures are guerrillas, mostly scenes of people living, working, and fighting in Belarus. It was once the seat of the highest combat command of the Soviet Army during the Great Patriotic War.

Line 2 Mayakovs base station (Маяковская)

Built in 1938, belongs to the Stalinist neoclassical style. It won the design gold medal at the 1938 New York International Exhibition. The marble arches on both sides of the platform hall are inlaid with gleaming stainless steel. On the dome is a circle of illuminators, inlaid with mosaic murals by the famous Soviet painter Deineka, a total of 31 pieces. The name of the station is to commemorate the Soviet revolutionary poet Mayakovsky. There is a bust of him at the end of the platform hall. The party congress was once held here.

The Revolution Square Station (Площадь)

Line 3 was built in 1938. Since it is located near the underside of the Red Field, it must be “rooted in red.” The designer set up a pair of two-person-high bronze statues at the entrance of each porch, a total of 72 statues, including workers, farmers, students, soldiers of the three services, athletes, etc., everyone maintains a squat posture, or holds a weapon, or Gearing up, frowning one by one, as if waiting for the order to leave immediately.

　　Tips:

　　 1. The one-ticket system is divided into a single ticket, multiple tickets, day tickets, etc. You can transfer freely on the way.

　　2. There are many different routes at the transfer point, and the names of subway stations are different for different routes, which means that a subway station will have several different names.

　　3. Ticket check/swipe only at the entrance, no payment when leaving the station.

　　 4. It is best to prepare change before buying a ticket

　　5. The subway runs from 5:30 to 1:30 in the morning. It is not recommended to ride too late.

Although there are people coming and going in the subway, there is no hustle and noise, and no commercial advertisements to win over and kidnap people’s hearts. As far as I can see, there are only those exquisite murals and lifelike sculptures that have stayed in the last century. Art, history, public transportation, and society are perfectly integrated 100 meters underground. Sitting in an old subway car, passing platform after platform, as if experiencing the complete story from the Soviet Union to Russia.

Ready to go to Moscow?

Introduction

In November 2020, the UK is set to host the major UN Climate Change summit; COP26. This will be the most important climate summit since COP21 where the Paris Agreement was agreed. At this summit, countries, for the first time, can upgrade their emission targets through to 2030¹. In the UK, current legislation commits government to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 100% of 1990 levels by 2050, under the Climate Change Act 2008 (2050 Target Amendment)².

Hydrogen has been recognised as a low-carbon fuel which could be utilised in large-scale decarbonisation to reach ambitious emission targets. Upon combustion with air, hydrogen releases water and zero carbon dioxide unlike alternative heavy emitting fuels. The potential applications of hydrogen span across an array of heavy emitting sectors. The focus of this blog is to highlight some of these applications, and on-going initiatives, across the following three sectors: Industry, Transport and Domestic.

Please click (here³) to access our previous SCI Energy Group blog centred around UK CO₂emissions.

Figure 1: climate change activists 

Industry

Did you know that small-scale hydrogen boilers already exist?⁴

Through equipment modification, it is technically feasible to use clean hydrogen fuel across many industrial sectors such as: food and drink, chemical, paper and glass.

Whilst this conversion may incur significant costs and face technical challenges, it is thought that hydrogen-fuelled equipment such as furnaces, boilers, ovens and kilns may be commercially available from the mid-2020’s^4.

Figure 2:  gas hydrogen peroxide boiler line vector icon

Domestic

Did you know that using a gas hob can emit up to or greater than 71 kg of CO₂per year?⁵

Hydrogen could be supplied fully or as a blend with natural gas to our homes in order to minimise greenhouse gas emissions associated with the combustion of natural gas.

As part of the HyDeploy initiative, Keele University, which has its own private gas network, have been receiving blended hydrogen as part of a trial study with no difference noticed compared to normal gas supply⁶.

Other initiatives such as Hydrogen 100⁷ and HyDeploy⁸are testing the feasibility of delivering 100% hydrogen to homes and commercial properties.

Figure 3: gas burners

Transport

Did you know that, based on an average driving distance of approximately 11,500 miles per annum, an average vehicle will emit approximately 4.6 tonnes of CO₂per year?⁹

In the transport sector, hydrogen fuel can be utilised in fuel cells, which convert hydrogen and oxygen into water and electricity.

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are already commercially available in the UK. However, currently, form only a small percentage of Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) uptake¹⁰.

Niche applications of hydrogen within the transport sector are expected to show greater potential for hydrogen such as buses and trains. Hydrogen powered buses are already operational in certain parts of the UK and hydrogen trains are predicted to run on British railways from as early as 2022¹¹.

Figure 4:  h2 combustion engine for emission free ecofriendly transport

Summary

This blog gives only a brief introduction to the many applications of hydrogen and its decarbonisation potential. The purpose of which, is to highlight that hydrogen, amongst other low-carbon fuels and technologies, can play an important role in the UK’s transition to net-zero emissions.

Stay tuned for further SCI Energy Group blogs which will continue to highlight alternative low-carbon technologies and their potential to decarbonise.

Reace Edwards is a member of SCI’s Energy group and a PhD Chemical Engineering student at the University of Chester. Read more about her involvement with SCI here or watch her recent TEDx Talk here. 

Links to References:

1. https://eciu.net/briefings/international-perspectives/cop-26

2. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukdsi/2019/9780111187654

3. https://sci.tumblr.com/post/186882462624/understanding-uk-carbon-dioxide-emissions

4. http://www.element-energy.co.uk/2020/01/hy4heat-wp6-has-shown-that-switching-industrial-heating-equipment-to-hydrogen-is-technically-feasible-with-large-potential-to-support-initiation-of-the-hydrogen-economy-in-the-2020s/

5. https://www.carbonfootprint.com/energyconsumption.html

6. https://hydeploy.co.uk/hydrogen/

7. https://sgn.co.uk/about-us/future-of-gas/hydrogen/hydrogen-100

8. https://www.hy4heat.info/

9. https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/greenhouse-gas-emissions-typical-passenger-vehicle

10. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/794473/veh0202.ods

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cars/news/hydrogen-fuel-cell-trains-run-british-railways-2022/

Job 28 Vs 23 god understands the way to it and he alone knows where it dwells

This whole chapter 23 speaks of wisdom

I don’t think I was searching for wisdom when I read it on the train home last night but God revealed this to me.

I’ve been praying and asking for wisdom to love people more in my friendships or get a lovely job but I realised that none of these tips and tricks that I read online really helps.

I can follow step by step but not trust in God or have faith in God.

And this scripture helps so much because it is hidden. It cannot be dug from the earth, it cannot be bought by wealth. Only God has it and he reveals it in his own time.

Have a nice day