#wannabe polyglot

hey! ive been active here before, but never really introduced myself, so here you go!

basics

im enfys seren toive, 20, german native, university student (studying finnish and scandinavian studies along with dapping into some other stuff in the general studies field)

languages im learning

are finnish, swedish, danish, and esperanto! along with some slight dabbing into some other languages

i want to

become a translator/interpreter once im finished with university!

hello hello! if youre focusing on any of the languages im studying, feel free to lmk! i need to follow more blogs 

Sivu yksi ja takakansi - page one and the back cover - Seite eins und die Rückseite

merkillinen - weird, strange - komisch, seltsam, merkwürdig

luonnonilmiö - natural phenomenon - Naturerscheinung, Naturereignis

tulkita - translate, interpret, explain - dolmetschen, erklären, interpretieren

tuho - downfall, ruin, doom - Untergang, Verderben, Ruin, Vernichtung

merkki - sign; stamp; utterance, expression - Zeichen; Briefmarke; Äußerung

kaukainen - far away - fern

tähtitorni - observatory - Sternwarte 

selvä - bright; clear; clean - hell; deutlich; sauber

omituinen - specific; weird; curious, odd - eigentümlich; spezifisch; seltsam

pyrstötähti - comet - Komet

-> pyrstö - tail (as in a horse’s tail, an animal’s tail) - Schweif, Schwanz

liittyä - to belong to something; to join - sich jmd. anschließen; zu etw. gehören

neuvokas - perceptive, smart, innovative - erfinderisch, scharfsinnig, klug

viehättävä - delighting, enchanting; charming - begeisternd, entzückend; charmant

-> viehättää - delight, enchant - entzücken; begeistern, hinreißen

taival - distance - Strecke, Entfernung

edetä - get ahead, keep on going - weiter gehen, vorwärts kommen

huima - wild, untamed - unbändig, ungestüm, wild

seikkailu - adventure - Abenteuer

varoittaa - warn smb. from smth. - jmd. vor etw. warnen

vaarallinen - dangerous - gefährlich

syöksyä - fall - stürzen, fallen

uhkaava - threatening - drohend, bedrohlich

-> uhata - threaten - jmd. (be)drohen

kohti + Partitiivi - towards smth. - auf etw. zu

jolloin - where; whem; as, when - wo; wann; als, da

vievä - time-consuming - zeitraubend

saada valmiksi - to finish smth., get done with smth. - etw. zu Ende bringen, mit etw. fertig werden

otus - animal; beast - Tier; Biest; Vieh

keksiä - make up, discover - erfinden, entdecken

kummallinen - weird, strange - komisch, seltsam, merkwürdig

eräs - one - ein, eine, eins

aivan - entirely - ganz, genau, völlig

painua - sink; give in; boost smth. - sinken, untergehen; nachgeben; antreiben

tutkia - investigate smth. - etw. untersuchen, etw. erkunden

uskaltaa - dare - wagen, den Mut haben, sich trauen

varjoinen - shady (as in, a shady place, not a shady person) - schattig

panna - put - setzen, stellen, legen

oksa - branch - Ast

risti - cross - Kreuz

loikkia - jump, walk with big steps - springen, mit großen Schritten laufen

käpälä - paw - Pfote, Tatze

täynnä - full of - voll, voller

niitty - meadow - Wiese

Genetiivi + halki - across - über, durch, quer durch

virrata - flow - strömen, fließen, rinnen

kaartaa - bend - biegen, krümmen

kattaa - cover; encompass - decken; umfassen, beinhalten

seutu - area, region, surrounding - Gegend, Region, Umgebung

ihmetellä - wonder, admire - sich wundern, staunen, etw. bewundern

mahtaa - may, must - dürfen, mögen, werden, müssen

ihmeellinen - weird, strange; phenomenal - komisch, seltsam; phänomenal

miettiä - to think about smth. - an etw. denken, über etw. nachdenken

NOTE: I translated the words into German first, then into English, so the German translations are betterthan the English ones!

NOTE 2: etw. - etwas; jmd. - jemanden; jemandem; jemand

Cowboys

nouns

derCowboy- the cowboy

dasCowgirl- the cowgirl

dasPferd- the horse

dieFarm- the farm

dieRanch- the ranch

derBauernhof- the farm (however this has less of a cowboy connotation and is moreso a farm in general)

derCowboyhut- the cowboy hat

dieCowboystiefel(Sg. der Cowboystiefel) - the cowboy boots

derSattel- the saddle

der Wilde Westen - the wild west

dasLasso- the lasso

dieKuh- the cow

der Stier- the bull

derIndianer/dieIndianerin- the native american

adjectives

wild- wild

frei- free

verbs 

reiten- to ride (only with horses and other animals)

hüten- to herd

galoppieren- to gallop

das Lasso schwingen- to wield the lasso

LGBT

nouns

dieLesbe- the lesbian

dieLGBT-Community- the LGBT community

derRegenbogen- the rainbow

diePride/das Pride-Festival- the pride (festival)

dieFahne/dieFlagge- the flag

der/dieBi/Pan/A/Homosexuelle- the bi/pan/homosexual (i know h*m*sexual is considered a slur by some in english, but i am not sure about how it is in german. i personally would be uncomfortable with it, so ask people first before you apply it to them)

dieEhe für alle - the same-sex/gender marriage (lit. marriage for everyone)

diePolyamorie- the polyamory

diePolygamie- the polygamy

dieBeziehung - the relationship

dieHormone- the hormones

dieGeschlechtsangleichung- i dont know how to translate this one, but it can be used both for taking hormones and the surgeries transgender people can get, basically it means aligning your social/biological gender/sex to your actual one

dasÖstrogen - the estrogen

dasTestosteron  - the testosterone

dieHormontherapie- the hormone replacement therapy

adjectives

schwul- gay (onlyto be used by men in my experience)

lesbisch- lesbian

bi/pan/a/homosexuell- bi/pan/a/homosexual

transgender- transgender

transgeschlechtlich- transgender

transsexuell- transsexual (also considered outdated and misleading by most germans)

LGBT- LGBT

out- out

stolz- proud

nicht-binär/nichtbinär- nonbinary (i think its the same as in english, where whether you use the - or not depends on personal preference)

queer- queer (in german this is not really considered as much of a slur as it is in english and often used as an umbrella term, however there arepeople uncomfortable with it)

verbs

lieben- to love

feiern- to celebrate

sich outen - to come out

jemandenouten- to out someone

NOTE: most aces and aros also call themselves ace or aro in german, there arent any extra terms for that

Sternzeichen- zodiac signs

♈ - Widder (ram) means Aries

♉ - Stier (bull) means Taurus

♊ - Zwilling(e) (twins) means Gemini

♋ - Krebs (word for both cancer and crayfish) means Cancer

♌ - Löwe (lion) means Leo

♍ - Jungfrau (virgin, in old times used to refer to young women) means Virgo

♎ - Waage (scales) means Libra

♏ - Skorpion (scorpion) means Scorpio

♐ -Schütze (this nowadays refers mainly to people with guns, but in old times referred to people shooting with bow and arrow) means Sagittarius

♑ - Steinbock (ibex, apparently. it’s an animal) means Capricorn

♒ - Wassermann (literally translated: water man) means Aquarius

♓ - Fische (fish, plural) means Pisces

Valentinstag

nouns

derLiebesbrief- the love letter

dasGeschenk- the gift/present

diePralinen- the chocolates (a box of chocolates, mainly)

ein hoffnungsloser Romantiker - a hopeless romantic (m)

einehoffnungslose Romantikerin - a hopeless romantic (f)

dasDate- the date (romantic meeting)

derFlirt- the flirt (is mainly used to refer to a person you are flirting with)

dasKino- the cinema

derHeiratsantrag- the (marriage) proposal

dieVerlobung- the engagement

dieHochzeit- the wedding (ceremony)

dieEhe- the marriage

adjectives

romantisch- romantic

süß- cute, sweet (can be used to describe foods and people)

heiß- hot (for weather and people)

perfekt- perfect

atemlos- breathless, out of breath

verliebt- in love

verbs

lieben- to love

flirten- to flirt

mitjemandemausgehen- to go out with someone

jemandendaten- do date someone

einen Liebesbrief schreiben- to write a love letter

jemandenausführen- to invite someone out (this has a rather formal connotation, you wouldn’t say “ich führe dich zum Döneressen aus”, however “ich führe dich zum Dinner aus” is very much okay. things like the cinema probably depend on the person)

jemandemschmeicheln- to flatter someone

sichverloben- to get engaged

There are two kinds of objects in Finnish, partitiiviobjektitandtotaaliobjektit

partitive objects occur if the sentence is negative, irresultative, after numbers other than 1, if the word is an ainesana or if you are talking about an undecided amount of something
they are, as the name says, in partitive (either singular or plural)

totaaliobjektit occur if you are talking about a specific thing rather than the thing in general (luen kirjettä vs luen kirjeen - i read any letter vs i read the letter (in one sitting))
totaaliobjektit can either look like the genetiivi yksikkö or like the nominatiivi monikko, and pronouns take a certain form if they are a totaaliobjekti (the akkusatiivi)

Ainesanat are, easily explained, words that cannot be counted or arent usually counted. My Finnish teacher called them substance words, because they describe a substance rather than the single parts of which said substance is made up of

examples would be hiekka (sand), ruoka (food), maito (milk), and also things like omena (apple).

the difference between, for example, paljon omenaa and paljon omenoita is that in the first sentence, you treat apple as a substance (eg. there is a lot of apple in the cake), and in the second you treat apples as countable pieces (eg. i have to buy a lot of apples)

ainesanat always are a partitive singularobject

some words are only ever ainesanat, whereas others can be both ainesanat and totaaliobjektit. generally, if you wouldn’t count the thing you are referring to you use partitive singular, as the word is an ainesana then

Partitiivi yksikkö

The partitive occurs after numbers (that arent 1), after negative sentences, after certain words, after so called ainesanat, if the amount is undetermined and if an action is irresultative.

The partitive singular is formed in three ways:

if the word ends in a singel vowel or ia, eA: A

(ihanaa, sataa, sotaa)

if the word ends in two vowels or a consonant: tA

(maata, puhelinta, lasta)

if the word ends in e: ttA

(meretta, hernettä, huonetta)

NOTE:A stands for a/ä, depending on Vowel Harmony

NOTE 2: The partitive can be formed with either the nominative form or the stemof the word, you have to learn it with each word

NOTE 3: There are some negative sentences which do nottake the partitive (words that don’t follow in partitive after possessive constructions: nälkä, jano, kiire, kuuma, kylmä, hiki, hyvä/huono olo)

Verbityyppi 5

Here the infinitive marker is -ta/-tä, if the vowel before the marker is an i. The t stays, but is followed by -se- and the personal ending.

häiritä

1. häiritsen                  - häiritsemme
   
2. häiritset                   - häiritsette
3. häiritsee                  - häiritsevät

tarvita

1. tarvitsen                  - tarvitsemme
   
2. tarvitset                   - tarvitsette
3. tarvitsee                  - tarvitsevat

lukita

1. lukitsen                    - lukitsemme
   
2. lukitset                     - lukitsette
   
3. lukitsee                    - lukitsevat
   

NOTE:I am leaving out hän (3.ps. sg) and he (3.ps. pl) here, but in written/spoken Finnish there needs to be a subject going with the third person (both singular & plural)

Verbityyppi 4

Here the infinitive marker is -ta/-tä, if the vowel in front is any vowel other than i. The t is removed, thus resulting in two vowels following after each other. The personal ending is added after both vowels

tavata

1. tapaan              - tapaamme
   
2. tapaat               - tapaatte
3. tapaa                - tapaavat

juoruta

1. juoruan             - juoruamme
   
2. juoruat              - juoruatte
3. juoruaa             - juoruavat

hypätä

1. hyppään           - hyppäämme
   
2. hyppäät            - hyppäätte
   
3. hyppää            - hyppäävät
   

määrätä

1. määrään           - määräämme
   
2. määräät            - määräätte
   
3. määrää            - hyppäävät

NOTE:I am leaving out hän (3.ps. sg) and he (3.ps. pl) here, but in written/spoken Finnish there needs to be a subject going with the third person (both singular & plural)

NOTE 2: The conjugated verb is in strong form

NOTE 3: Verbs of this type where the stem ends in aa/ää do not take the -V ending in 3rd person singular

Verbityypi 3

ends in KK+a/ä, K+a/ä is the infinitive marker, meaning that the first K belongs to the stem; to form the present tense, K+a/ä is removed and an e is added after the stem and then the personal endingfollows

mennä

1. menen               - menemme
   
2. menet                - menette
3. menee               - menevät

kävellä

1. kävelen              - kävelemme
   
2. kävelet               - kävelette
3. kävelee              - kävelevät

urheilla

1. urheilen              - urheilemme
   
2. urheilet               - urheilette
3. urheilee              - urheilevat

purra

1. puren                 - puremme
   
2. puret                  - purette
3. puree                 - purevat

NOTE:I am leaving out hän (3.ps. sg) and he (3.ps. pl) here, but in written/spoken Finnish there needs to be a subject going with the third person (both singular & plural)

NOTE 2: K stands for consonant, thus KK stands for two of the same consonant following after each other

Verbityyppi 2 - tehdä/ nähdä

with tehdä/nähdä, which belong to verbityyppi 2, the forms are built slightly differently. for one, the h disappears, and for two, the 3rd ps. singular/plural are in strong form (seeastevaihtelu), and they dotake the -V ending. other than that, though, they are conjugated like the rest of group 2 verbs

tehdä

1. teen             - teemme
   
2. teet              - teette
3. tekee           - tekevät

nähdä

1. näen            - näemme
   
2. näet             - näette
3. näkee          - näkevät

NOTE:I am leaving out hän (3.ps. sg) and he (3.ps. pl) here, but in written/spoken Finnish there needs to be a subject going with the third person (both singular & plural) 

Verbityyppi 2

ends in -da/-dä, which is the infinitive marker; the infinitive marker disappears and instead the personal ending is added (see here)

example: 

syödä

1. syön        - syömme
   
2. syöt         - syötte
3. syö          - syövät

löydä

1. löyn         - löymme
   
2. löyt          - löytte
3. löy           - löyvät

saada

1. saan        - saamme
   
2. saat         - saatte
3. saa          - saavat

voida

1. voin         - voimme
   
2. voit          - voitte
3. voi           - voivat

NOTE:I am leaving out hän (3.ps. sg) and he (3.ps. pl) here, but in written/spoken Finnish there needs to be a subject going with the third person (both singular & plural)

NOTE 2: in this group of verbs, the ending -V is notadded to the 3rd ps. singular, except for in tehdäandnähdä, which are formed slightly differently than the rest (see here)

This post is less about the declination of aforementioned words and more for completion’s sake, so that the question words on my blog are completed.

Milloin - when

Minkä-x-inen- of which x

example: Minkävärinen: of which colour

Miten/Kuinka- how

NOTE: the answer to minkä-x-inen is always an adjective, as the question includes an adjective itself

(Kuka,mikä,kumpi)