#langblrgang

hey! ive been active here before, but never really introduced myself, so here you go!

basics

im enfys seren toive, 20, german native, university student (studying finnish and scandinavian studies along with dapping into some other stuff in the general studies field)

languages im learning

are finnish, swedish, danish, and esperanto! along with some slight dabbing into some other languages

i want to

become a translator/interpreter once im finished with university!

hello hello! if youre focusing on any of the languages im studying, feel free to lmk! i need to follow more blogs 

Sivu yksi ja takakansi - page one and the back cover - Seite eins und die Rückseite

merkillinen - weird, strange - komisch, seltsam, merkwürdig

luonnonilmiö - natural phenomenon - Naturerscheinung, Naturereignis

tulkita - translate, interpret, explain - dolmetschen, erklären, interpretieren

tuho - downfall, ruin, doom - Untergang, Verderben, Ruin, Vernichtung

merkki - sign; stamp; utterance, expression - Zeichen; Briefmarke; Äußerung

kaukainen - far away - fern

tähtitorni - observatory - Sternwarte 

selvä - bright; clear; clean - hell; deutlich; sauber

omituinen - specific; weird; curious, odd - eigentümlich; spezifisch; seltsam

pyrstötähti - comet - Komet

-> pyrstö - tail (as in a horse’s tail, an animal’s tail) - Schweif, Schwanz

liittyä - to belong to something; to join - sich jmd. anschließen; zu etw. gehören

neuvokas - perceptive, smart, innovative - erfinderisch, scharfsinnig, klug

viehättävä - delighting, enchanting; charming - begeisternd, entzückend; charmant

-> viehättää - delight, enchant - entzücken; begeistern, hinreißen

taival - distance - Strecke, Entfernung

edetä - get ahead, keep on going - weiter gehen, vorwärts kommen

huima - wild, untamed - unbändig, ungestüm, wild

seikkailu - adventure - Abenteuer

varoittaa - warn smb. from smth. - jmd. vor etw. warnen

vaarallinen - dangerous - gefährlich

syöksyä - fall - stürzen, fallen

uhkaava - threatening - drohend, bedrohlich

-> uhata - threaten - jmd. (be)drohen

kohti + Partitiivi - towards smth. - auf etw. zu

jolloin - where; whem; as, when - wo; wann; als, da

vievä - time-consuming - zeitraubend

saada valmiksi - to finish smth., get done with smth. - etw. zu Ende bringen, mit etw. fertig werden

otus - animal; beast - Tier; Biest; Vieh

keksiä - make up, discover - erfinden, entdecken

kummallinen - weird, strange - komisch, seltsam, merkwürdig

eräs - one - ein, eine, eins

aivan - entirely - ganz, genau, völlig

painua - sink; give in; boost smth. - sinken, untergehen; nachgeben; antreiben

tutkia - investigate smth. - etw. untersuchen, etw. erkunden

uskaltaa - dare - wagen, den Mut haben, sich trauen

varjoinen - shady (as in, a shady place, not a shady person) - schattig

panna - put - setzen, stellen, legen

oksa - branch - Ast

risti - cross - Kreuz

loikkia - jump, walk with big steps - springen, mit großen Schritten laufen

käpälä - paw - Pfote, Tatze

täynnä - full of - voll, voller

niitty - meadow - Wiese

Genetiivi + halki - across - über, durch, quer durch

virrata - flow - strömen, fließen, rinnen

kaartaa - bend - biegen, krümmen

kattaa - cover; encompass - decken; umfassen, beinhalten

seutu - area, region, surrounding - Gegend, Region, Umgebung

ihmetellä - wonder, admire - sich wundern, staunen, etw. bewundern

mahtaa - may, must - dürfen, mögen, werden, müssen

ihmeellinen - weird, strange; phenomenal - komisch, seltsam; phänomenal

miettiä - to think about smth. - an etw. denken, über etw. nachdenken

NOTE: I translated the words into German first, then into English, so the German translations are betterthan the English ones!

NOTE 2: etw. - etwas; jmd. - jemanden; jemandem; jemand

Cowboys

nouns

derCowboy- the cowboy

dasCowgirl- the cowgirl

dasPferd- the horse

dieFarm- the farm

dieRanch- the ranch

derBauernhof- the farm (however this has less of a cowboy connotation and is moreso a farm in general)

derCowboyhut- the cowboy hat

dieCowboystiefel(Sg. der Cowboystiefel) - the cowboy boots

derSattel- the saddle

der Wilde Westen - the wild west

dasLasso- the lasso

dieKuh- the cow

der Stier- the bull

derIndianer/dieIndianerin- the native american

adjectives

wild- wild

frei- free

verbs 

reiten- to ride (only with horses and other animals)

hüten- to herd

galoppieren- to gallop

das Lasso schwingen- to wield the lasso

Sternzeichen- zodiac signs

♈ - Widder (ram) means Aries

♉ - Stier (bull) means Taurus

♊ - Zwilling(e) (twins) means Gemini

♋ - Krebs (word for both cancer and crayfish) means Cancer

♌ - Löwe (lion) means Leo

♍ - Jungfrau (virgin, in old times used to refer to young women) means Virgo

♎ - Waage (scales) means Libra

♏ - Skorpion (scorpion) means Scorpio

♐ -Schütze (this nowadays refers mainly to people with guns, but in old times referred to people shooting with bow and arrow) means Sagittarius

♑ - Steinbock (ibex, apparently. it’s an animal) means Capricorn

♒ - Wassermann (literally translated: water man) means Aquarius

♓ - Fische (fish, plural) means Pisces

Valentinstag

nouns

derLiebesbrief- the love letter

dasGeschenk- the gift/present

diePralinen- the chocolates (a box of chocolates, mainly)

ein hoffnungsloser Romantiker - a hopeless romantic (m)

einehoffnungslose Romantikerin - a hopeless romantic (f)

dasDate- the date (romantic meeting)

derFlirt- the flirt (is mainly used to refer to a person you are flirting with)

dasKino- the cinema

derHeiratsantrag- the (marriage) proposal

dieVerlobung- the engagement

dieHochzeit- the wedding (ceremony)

dieEhe- the marriage

adjectives

romantisch- romantic

süß- cute, sweet (can be used to describe foods and people)

heiß- hot (for weather and people)

perfekt- perfect

atemlos- breathless, out of breath

verliebt- in love

verbs

lieben- to love

flirten- to flirt

mitjemandemausgehen- to go out with someone

jemandendaten- do date someone

einen Liebesbrief schreiben- to write a love letter

jemandenausführen- to invite someone out (this has a rather formal connotation, you wouldn’t say “ich führe dich zum Döneressen aus”, however “ich führe dich zum Dinner aus” is very much okay. things like the cinema probably depend on the person)

jemandemschmeicheln- to flatter someone

sichverloben- to get engaged

There are two kinds of objects in Finnish, partitiiviobjektitandtotaaliobjektit

partitive objects occur if the sentence is negative, irresultative, after numbers other than 1, if the word is an ainesana or if you are talking about an undecided amount of something
they are, as the name says, in partitive (either singular or plural)

totaaliobjektit occur if you are talking about a specific thing rather than the thing in general (luen kirjettä vs luen kirjeen - i read any letter vs i read the letter (in one sitting))
totaaliobjektit can either look like the genetiivi yksikkö or like the nominatiivi monikko, and pronouns take a certain form if they are a totaaliobjekti (the akkusatiivi)

Some prepositions alwaystake the partitiivi following them. Some of them are

monta

pari

vähän

puoli

paljon

ennen

NOTE: The difference between monta and paljon is that paljon can occur with both ainesanat andother words, whereas monta can neveroccur with ainesanat. So you can say paljon ruokaa (ruoka = ainesana) and paljon omenoita, but you cannot say monta ruokaa, only monta omenaa, which is the same as paljon omenoita. So monta + partitive singular is the same as paljon + partitive plural

Ainesanat are, easily explained, words that cannot be counted or arent usually counted. My Finnish teacher called them substance words, because they describe a substance rather than the single parts of which said substance is made up of

examples would be hiekka (sand), ruoka (food), maito (milk), and also things like omena (apple).

the difference between, for example, paljon omenaa and paljon omenoita is that in the first sentence, you treat apple as a substance (eg. there is a lot of apple in the cake), and in the second you treat apples as countable pieces (eg. i have to buy a lot of apples)

ainesanat always are a partitive singularobject

some words are only ever ainesanat, whereas others can be both ainesanat and totaaliobjektit. generally, if you wouldn’t count the thing you are referring to you use partitive singular, as the word is an ainesana then

Partitiivi yksikkö

The partitive occurs after numbers (that arent 1), after negative sentences, after certain words, after so called ainesanat, if the amount is undetermined and if an action is irresultative.

The partitive singular is formed in three ways:

if the word ends in a singel vowel or ia, eA: A

(ihanaa, sataa, sotaa)

if the word ends in two vowels or a consonant: tA

(maata, puhelinta, lasta)

if the word ends in e: ttA

(meretta, hernettä, huonetta)

NOTE:A stands for a/ä, depending on Vowel Harmony

NOTE 2: The partitive can be formed with either the nominative form or the stemof the word, you have to learn it with each word

NOTE 3: There are some negative sentences which do nottake the partitive (words that don’t follow in partitive after possessive constructions: nälkä, jano, kiire, kuuma, kylmä, hiki, hyvä/huono olo)

Verbityyppi 5

Here the infinitive marker is -ta/-tä, if the vowel before the marker is an i. The t stays, but is followed by -se- and the personal ending.

häiritä

1. häiritsen                  - häiritsemme
   
2. häiritset                   - häiritsette
3. häiritsee                  - häiritsevät

tarvita

1. tarvitsen                  - tarvitsemme
   
2. tarvitset                   - tarvitsette
3. tarvitsee                  - tarvitsevat

lukita

1. lukitsen                    - lukitsemme
   
2. lukitset                     - lukitsette
   
3. lukitsee                    - lukitsevat
   

NOTE:I am leaving out hän (3.ps. sg) and he (3.ps. pl) here, but in written/spoken Finnish there needs to be a subject going with the third person (both singular & plural)