#phases
Discovery of a new law of phase separation
Researchers from Institute of Industrial Science at The University of Tokyo investigated the mechanism of phase separation into the two phases with very different particle mobilities using computer simulations. They found that slow dynamics of complex connected networks control the rate of demixing, which can assist in the design of new functional porous materials, like lithium-ion batteries.
According to the old adage, oil and water don’t mix. If you try to do it anyway, you will see the fascinating process of phase separation, in which the two immiscible liquids spontaneously “demix.” In this case, the minority phase always forms droplets. Contrary to this, the researchers found that if one phase has much slower dynamics than the other phase, even the minority phase form complex networks instead of droplets. For example, in phase separation of colloidal suspensions (or protein solutions), the colloid-rich (or protein-rich) phase with slow dynamics forms a space-spanning network structure. The network structure thickens and coarsens with time while having the remarkable property of looking similar over a range of length scales, so the individual parts resemble the whole.
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My new MATE shirt, for those that aren’t MatEs the microstructure on the shirt is Pearlite, which is often mistaked as a phase when it is actually 2 phases in a llamelar structure(ferrite+cementite).
Sorry about squinting it was really bright today.
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New model describes phase separation that spoils antibody solutions
A new mathematical model describes how highly concentrated antibody solutions separate into different phases, similar to an oil and water mixture. This separation can reduce the stability and shelf-life of some drugs that use monoclonal antibodies, including some used to treat autoimmune diseases and cancer. A team of scientists from Penn State and MedImmune, LLC (now AstraZeneca) investigated the thermodynamics and kinetics, the relationships between temperature, energy, and the rates of chemical reactions, of the phenomenon using an innovative method that allows for the rapid study of multiple samples at once. A paper describing their model appears July 22, 2019, in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Many drugs today are stored as solids and dissolved in IV bags for delivery to patients, but the pharmaceutical industry has been moving toward drugs that can be stored as liquids and given via a shot. Some of these drug solutions, like those used to treat autoimmune diseases and some cancers, contain high concentrations of monoclonal antibodies—proteins that attach to foreign substances in the body, like bacteria and viruses, flagging them for destruction by the patient’s immune system.
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A graphene superconductor that plays more than one tune: Researchers at Berkeley Lab have developed a tiny toolkit for scientists to study exotic quantum physics
Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have developed a graphene device that’s thinner than a human hair but has a depth of special traits. It easily switches from a superconducting material that conducts electricity without losing any energy, to an insulator that resists the flow of electric current, and back again to a superconductor - all with a simple flip of a switch. Their findings were reported today in the journal Nature.
[…]
“Usually, when someone wants to study how electrons interact with each other in a superconducting quantum phase versus an insulating phase, they would need to look at different materials. With our system, you can study both the superconductivity phase and the insulating phase in one place,” said Guorui Chen, the study’s lead author and a postdoctoral researcher in the lab of Feng Wang, who led the study. Wang, a faculty scientist in Berkeley Lab’s Materials Sciences Division, is also a UC Berkeley physics professor.
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Water exists as two different liquids
We normally consider liquid water as disordered with the molecules rearranging on a short time scale around some average structure. Now, however, scientists at Stockholm University have discovered two phases of the liquid with large differences in structure and density. The results are based on experimental studies using X-rays, which are now published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science(US).
Most of us know that water is essential for our existence on planet Earth. It is less well-known that water has many strange or anomalous properties and behaves very differently from all other liquids. Some examples are the melting point, the density, the heat capacity, and all-in-all there are more than 70 properties of water that differ from most liquids. These anomalous properties of water are a prerequisite for life as we know it.
“The new remarkable property is that we find that water can exist as two different liquids at low temperatures where ice crystallization is slow”, says Anders Nilsson, professor in Chemical Physics at Stockholm University. The breakthrough in the understanding of water has been possible through a combination of studies using X-rays at Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, where the two different structures were evidenced and at the large X-ray laboratory DESY in Hamburg where the dynamics could be investigated and demonstrated that the two phases indeed both were liquid phases. Water can thus exist as two different liquids.
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Defying a 150-year-old rule for phase behavior
Frozen water can take on up to three forms at the same time when it melts: liquid, ice and gas. This principle, which states that many substances can occur in up to three phases simultaneously, was explained 150 years ago by the Gibbs phase rule. Today, researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology and University Paris-Saclay are defying this classical theory, with proof of a five-phase equilibrium, something that many scholars considered impossible. This new knowledge yields useful insights for industries that work with complex mixtures, such as in the production of mayonnaise, paint or LCDs. The researchers have published their results in the journal Physical Review Letters.
The founder of contemporary thermodynamics and physical chemistry is the American physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs. In the 1870s, he derived the phase rule, which describes the maximum number of different phases a substance or mixture of substances can assume simultaneously. For pure substances, the Gibbs Phase Rule predicts a maximum of three phases.
Professor Remco Tuinier, of the Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, says, “At the time, Einstein called Gibbs’ thermodynamics the only theory he really trusted. If we take water as an example, there is one point, with a specific temperature and pressure, where water occurs as gas, liquid and ice at the same time, the so-called triple point.”
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Forever going through phases. ✨ Snapped this photo of the moon the other night against the beautiful red Summer sky. Take a deep breath & exhale all those anxieties plaguing your mind. Whatever it may be can be handled later, first you need your rest. xo, ~ Jenna www.whitewitchparlour.com
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#luna #phases
https://www.instagram.com/p/Bzwu65vBr2J/?igshid=zqjeu9jd6ue0
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We mimic nature, for we are nature. So whenever your feeling lost in your path, look to the skies & look at the trees, learn & follow their example. Now is the time to blossom with your own color, growing brighter each day. ✨ xo, ~ Jenna www.whitewitchparlour.com
#spring #phases
https://www.instagram.com/p/Byh6eJLhNg-/?igshid=9yz94c9g5jx4
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chase atlantic, concert october 10th - SELFMADE.
reblog / like if saved please!
chase atlantic - too late
reblog / like if saved please!
chase atlantic - her
reblog / like if saved please!
A friend posted thisold Deviant Art meme and an updated bonus panel on her twitter the other day, and I just had to make one too.
I actually never had a Deviant Art account (shocker!) but I have always been obsessed with really self-indulgent memes and drawing pictures of my very own self.
This was actually a really fun exercise; I had to really think hard to remember things I wore at nine and even thirteen, and it opened my eyes to a lot of the things I am doing now without really realizing it.
I think I learned that I’ve always been a little bit masc and a lot bit lazy, and that I’m probably never going to be put together and look purposefully dressed.
idk man, fashion’s weird.
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Full Moon Series: Cloudy Night, Purple Stars, Navy Halo, Teal Sunset- Alaina Ferguson
