안녕하세요 여러분! Today I have a new kind of lesson for you all: it’s about Hanja! If you don’t know what Hanja is, it’s “Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation,” according to Korean Wiki Project. Korean words that feature the same borrowed character often have a shared meaning of some sort, which is why Hanja is good to know! If you know the meaning of one word with a character, you might be able to figure out another word with the same character without even using a dictionary!
To start this series of lessons, I wanted to start with the character 최; I got an ask about some words starting with it and thought it’d be helpful to make a short lesson about it :) I’m also going to post this on my Instagramsoon as well, so go check it out there too! Let’s start!
I hope this short list of words has been helpful – let me know what you think and if you’d like to see more of these! Maybe in the future I can break down the entire word – instead of just explaining what 최 means, for instance, I can explain what 애 means too, for example. Lmk your thought! See you in the next lesson! 다음에 또 봐요!
안녕하세요 여러분! Hey everyone! Today I have a lesson with a grammar structure you hear pretty often and it yet another way to say “because” in Korean lol. I also made a post on my Instagram about this structure, so go check that out as well! Let’s start!
Here’s the formula for this structure:
[verb stem] + 느라고 + [rest of sentence]
Note that this can only be used with verbs, not adjectives.
I believe the -고 can be dropped with no difference in meaning.
-느라고 is used to explain a reason for a consequence, and this consequence is usually negative. It can also be used in contexts when your doing one action prevents you from doing the other. Let’s look at some examples:
공부하느라고 밤 새웠어요. = I stayed up all night studying.
Here, you’re explaining what caused you to stay up all night, which was studying.
숙제를 하느라고 파티에 못 갔어요. = I couldn’t go to the party because I was busy doing homework.
The consequence of your doing homework is not not being able to go to the party. One action, doing homework, prevented you from doing the other, which is going to the party.
Let’s see some more examples!
늦잠을 자느라고 수업에 못 갔어요. = I didn’t go to class because I overslept.
운동하느라고 전화를 못 받았어요. = I was exercising, so I couldn’t pick up your phone call.
일하느라고 바빴어요. = I was busy working.
요리하느라고 힘들었어요. = I was exhausted after cooking.
야근하느라고 집에 늦게 왔어요. = I came home late because I was working overtime.
That’s about it for this lesson! Hope it was helpful! See you in the next one! 다음에 또 봐요!
안녕하세요 여러분! I have another Insta post I wanted to share with y’all! I have a regular lesson about -(으)면 되다 and -(으)면 안 되다 that I made a while back, but I feel like this post is a little more accurate and captures its nuance better. So that’s why I’m posting it here too! I hope it’s helpful!
Don’t forget to follow me on Instagram by clicking the link below! Hope this is helpful :) See you in the next lesson! 다음에 또 봐요!
안녕하세요 여러분! Hey everyone! I got a request for a vocab list about K-pop fandom-related words, so here it is! This is a combination of words you might use as a fan and some words related to being an idol. I hope it’s helpful :) Let’s start!
Nouns
가사 = lyrics
가수 = singer
그룹 = group
(메인, 리드) 댄서 = (main, lead) dancer
리더 = leader
(메인, 리드) 래퍼 = rapper
막내 = the youngest member of a group
(메인, 리드) 보컬 = vocal
노래 = song
뮤직비디오 = music video
뮤비 is short for this.
멤버 = member
비주얼 = visual
밴드 = band
안무 = choreography
안무 연습 = dance practice
아이돌 = idol
연습생 = trainee
응원봉 = lightstick
인터뷰 = interview
앨범 = album
(제일) 좋아하는 멤버 = bias
제일 좋아하는 멤버 literally means “favorite member” or “member you like the most.” I often just see 좋아하는 멤버 to mean the same thing, even though it literally means “member that you like.”
컴백 = comeback
콘서트 = concert
콘서트티켓 = concert ticket
케이팝 = K-pop
포토카드 / 포카 = photocard
팬 = fan
팬사인회 = fan signing event
팬클럽 = fan club
Verbs
덕질하다 = to be a die-hard fan of; to be really into
노래하다 = to sing
노래를 부르다 is another word for “to sing”
데뷔하다 = to debut
녹음하다 = to record
연습하다 = to practice
응원하다 = to cheer on; to support
촬영하다 = to shoot; to film
춤을추다 = to dance
컴백하다 = to have a comeback
That’s about it for this list! 제일 좋아하는 밴드가 뭐예요? 코멘트 하세요! What is your favorite band? Leave a comment! See you in the next lesson! 다음에 또 봐요!
안녕하세요 여러분! I got a request to do some possible questions and answers that you might come across if you’re auditioning to be a K-pop idol! I’m not entirely familiar with the audition process or what kinds of questions might be asked of you, but here’s a list based on what I found online. I think that in order to answer these questions in Korean, you should be familiar with beginner/upper-beginner and some intermediate grammar structures and vocabulary. Check out my masterlist linked below to find some lessons that might help you answer them! I hope this is helpful for any aspiring idols! Let’s start!
Questions / 질문
이름이 뭐예요? = What is your name?
어디에서 왔어요? = Where are you from?
어디에 살아요? = Where do you live?
몇 살이세요? = How old are you?
학교에 어디 다녀요? = Where do you go to school?
학교에 어디 다녔어요? = Where did you go to school?
무슨 언어를 하세요? = What languages do you speak?
노래한 지 얼마나 됐어요? = How long have you been singing for?
춤을 춘 지 얼마나 됐어요? = How long have you been dancing for?
랩을 한 지 얼마나 됐어요? = How long have you been rapping for?
무슨 악기를 하세요? = What instruments do you play?
왜 아이돌 되고 싶으세요? = Why do you want to be an idol?
가장 좋아하는 가수/밴드 누구예요? = Who is your favorite singer/band?
취미가 뭐예요? = What are your hobbies?
Answers / 대답
안녕하세요, 제 이름은 [name]입니다. = Hello, my name is [name].
저는 [country]에서 왔어요. / 저는 [country] 사람입니다. = I am from [country].
저는 [place]에 살고 있습니다. = I live in [place].
저는 [#]살입니다. = I am [#] years old.
Use native Korean numbers when saying your age.
저는 [school’s name]에 다녀요. = I go to [school’s name].
저는 [school’s name]에 다녔어요. = I went to [school’s name].
저는 [language 1], [language 2]하고 [language 3] 합니다. = I speak [language 1], [language 2], and [language 3].
저는 노래한 지 [amount of time] 됐어요. = I have been singing for [amount of time].
저는 춤을 춘 지 [amount of time] 됐습니다. = I have been dancing for [amount of time].
저는 랩을 한 지 [amount of time] 됐습니다. = I have been rapping for [amount of time].
저는 [year]년부터 노래했습니다 / 춤을 췄습니다 / 랩을 했습니다. = I have been singing/dancing/rapping since [year].
저는 [instrument] 연주합니다. = I play [instrument].
[reason] 아이돌 되고 싶습니다. = I want to become an idol because [reason].
가장 좋아하는 가수는/그룹은 [name]입니다. = My favorite singer/group is [name].
제 취미는 [hobby]하고 [hobby] 입니다. = My hobbies are [hobby] and [hobby].
That’s about it for this list! Best of luck to you all :) See you in the next lesson! 다음에 또 봐요!
안녕하세요 여러분! Hey everyone! I got another request for a K-pop breakdown, so here it is! This one was pretty tricky for me to break down, but I hope it all makes sense anyways! If you have a song you’d like to see me break down, let me know and I’ll try to fulfill it!
You can listen to this song here! I used lyricstranslate.com’s really good translations and Naver Dictionary to help me out. As usual, I linked my full-length lessons about the grammar structures mentioned if you want to learn more about them! Let’s start!
휘하고 멋지게 솟구치는 눈은 / 이별에 손짓인 듯 부서지는 / 밤으로 가득한 고요를 본다
The snow that soars up majestically with a whoosh / Sees the silence full of night / That is shattered by our goodbye as if it were a gesture
휘하다 -> I can’t find a related translation for this word on Naver Dictionary, but just going off the translations from lyricstranslate, it means “with a whoosh.”
멋지다 can mean anything from “nice” to “awesome” to “charming.”
-고is attached to stems to mean “and.” So 휘하고 멋지게 means “with a whoosh and majestically.”
솟구치다 = soar; gush; surge
눈 = snow
[verb] + 는 + [noun] = [noun] that [verbs] -> This is how you describe nouns with verbs in the present tense.
-은 is a topic particle that shows that 눈 is the topic of the sentence. More about particles here!
이별 = farewell; goodbye
에 = is a location particle meaning “to” or “in.” In this context, however, it means “by,” as in “shattered by.”
손짓 = hand gesture
[noun] + 인듯 = as if it is [noun]
부서지다 = break; be broken; be shattered
밤 = night
가득하다 = full [of smth]
-(으)로 in this context means “with” or “of,” as in “filled with night” or “full of night.”
고요 = silence
보다 = to see
[verb stem] + ㄴ/는다 or [adjective stem] + 다 is known as the plain style or narrative form. This type of speech doesn’t really have a formality level. You see it a lot in books and newspapers where there’s not really a specific formality level you’re using. It can also be used with those who you would speak informally to.
돌아보는 여운이 안타깝다 / 숨을 쉰다 눈이 온다 / 인사한다 잠이 든다
The afterglow is full of regret / Breathing, snowing / Greeting, falling asleep
돌아보다 = to look back
여운 = resonance; lingering feeling; echo
I think 돌아보는 여운 literally means “the resonance I looked back on” or something like that.
안타깝다 = regrettable; sad
숨을 쉬다 = to breathe
눈이 오다 = to snow (literally “snow comes”)
인사하다 = to greet
잠이 들다 = to fall asleep
When conjugated into the plain style, the ㄹ gets dropped and replaced with -ㄴ다 because it’s irregular.
떠나간다 / 떠나간다 / 남은 것은 이제 없다
Leaving / Leaving / Now there’s nothing left
떠나가다 = to leave
남다 = to remain; to be left
남은 것 = what’s left; the things that remain
이제 = now
없다 = to not be there; to not exist; to not have
그대가 웃는 걸 보면서 나도 웃는다 / 발자국에 아쉬움 꾹 묻어둔 채로
As I look at you smile, I smile too / Burying my regret in my footprints
그대 = You -> this is a more romantic way of saying “you” that you would say to your partner.
웃다 = to smile; to laugh
웃는 걸 refers to the fact that you’re smiling. The action of you smiling is turned into a noun, and that is what the speaker is looking at.
[verb stem] + (으)면서 means “as one [does verb]” and is used for when two actions are done simultaneously.
-ㄴ 채로 describes the state that something is in as an action is being done. In this case, the speaker is smiling with her heart buried – her heart is in the state of being buried as she is smiling.
That’s all for this breakdown – I hope it was helpful! See you in the next lesson! 다음에 또 봐요!
안녕하세요! Hey everyone! Here is yet another breakdown request fulfilled! If you have a song you’d like to see me break down, let me know and I’ll try to fulfill your request!
You can listen to this song here! I used Genius’s translationsandNaver Dictionary to help me out with this breakdown! I also linked my full-length lessons about the grammar structures featured in this song if you want to learn more about them. Let’s start!
사랑 촌스런 그 감정 / 근데 내 가슴이 뛰어 / 왜 나 이래 나?
Love, that old-fashioned feeling / But why is my heart racing? / What’s wrong with me?
사랑 = love
촌스런 -> from 촌스럽다, meaning “old-fashioned”
그 = that (must be placed before a noun)
감정 = feeling
근데 can usually be translated as “but” – it is sometimes used to draw attention to a different topic or something contrasting to what is currently being spoken about.
내 = my (informal)
가슴 = heart; chest
-이 is a subject particle – more about particles here!
뛰다 = to run; to jump
왜 = why
이래 comes from 이렇다, meaning “to be like this” or “to do this.” This line literally means “why am I like this?” but can also mean “what’s wrong with me?”
나도 모르게 when you call my name / 가슴 아프게 나의 심장이 쿵쿵
Unknowingly, when you call my name / Heartbreakingly, my heart is pounding
나 = I/me (informal)
-도 = too/even (depending on context)
모르다 = to not know
Adding-게 to a verb or adjective stem turns it into an adverb. 나도 모르게 means “unknowingly” or, more literally, “without me even knowing.”
아프다 = to be sick; to hurt
나의 = another way to say “my.” -의 is a possessive marker.
심장 = heart -> This refers more to the heart, while 가슴 can mean either “heart” or “chest.”
쿵쿵 is an onomatopoeia and is supposed to mimic the sound of a heartbeat.
내 뜻대로 되지 않아 / 흔한 filter조차 없어
It’s not going my way / I don’t even have any trendy filter
되다has a few different meanings. In this case, it’s a little hard to translate directly, but I would say it means “to go” (as in to go a certain way) or “to be done” (as in something is done some way).
More literally, I think this line means “It’s not going according to my meaning.” As with a lot of K-pop lyrics (and Korean in general), it’s best to focus on the meaning rather than the literal English translation, so don’t worry too much if the translation sounds odd!
흔하다, according to Naver Dictionary, means “common” or “commonplace.” Not quite sure why Genius translated it as “trendy,” but I guess if something is trendy, it becomes common because everyone is using it.
[noun] + 조차 = even [noun]
없다 = to not be there / to not have
That’s about it for this breakdown! I hope it was helpful :) See you in the next lesson! 다음에 또 봐요!
안녕하세요! Hello again everyone! I have yet another breakdown that was requested! If there’s a song you want to see broken down, let me know and I’ll try to fulfill your request!
You can listen to this song here! I used colorcodedlyrics.comandNaver Dictionary to help me translate these lyrics! I also linked my full-length lessons about the grammar structures featured in this song if you want to learn more about them. Let’s start!
거울 속에 마주친 얼굴이 어색해서 / 습관처럼 조용히 눈을 감아 / 밤이 되면 서둘러 내일로 가고 싶어
The face in the mirror is awkward / So like a habit I quietly close my eyes / When the night comes I want to hurry up and go to tomorrow
거울 = Mirror
속에 = Inside
마주치다 = to meet (usually refers to eyes meeting)
얼굴 = face
-ㄴ/은allows you to describe nouns with that verb in the past tense. So 마주친 얼굴 literally means “the face that I met.”
-이 is a subject particle – more about particles here!
어색하다 = awkward
-아/어서 means “so” or “because.” 어색해서 means “because it’s awkward” or “it’s awkward, so…”
설렘으로 차오르던 나의 숨소리와 / 머리 위로 선선히 부는 바람 / 파도가 되어 어디로든 / 달려가고 싶어 / 작은 두려움 아래 천천히 두 눈을 뜨면
My breath that rose up with excitement / And the wind that blows coolly above my head / I want to become a wave / And run anywhere / When I slowly open my eyes under the small fears
설렘 = excitement; thrill
Here, -(으)로 means “with”
차오르다 = to rise up
나의 = my (informal) -> 나 means “I,” while -의 is a possessive marker.
숨소리 = breath -> refers to the sound of breath
[verb stem] + 던is another way to describe a noun with a verb. It is used for actions that you used to do repeatedly in the past or that you did but did not complete.
불다’s stem ends in ㄹ, which gets dropped when you want it to describe a noun.
바람 = wind
파도 = wave
어디로든 = anywhere
달려가다 = to run
작다 = small
두려움 = fear -> noun form of the verb 두렵다, meaning “afraid”
아래 = below; bottom
천천히 = slowly
두 = two (this is the word for “two” that you put before a noun)
뜨다 = to open (eyes)
휩쓸려 길을 잃어도 자유로와 / 더이상 날 가두는 / 어둠에 눈 감지 않아 / 두 번 다시 날 모른 척 하지 않아
I’m free even when I’m swept away and get lost / I won’t close my eyes / in the darkness that traps me anymore / I won’t pretend to not know who I am again
안녕하세요 여러분! Hey everyone! I got yet another request for a breakdown! If you have a song you’d like to see broken down, let me know! I linked my full-length lessons about the featured grammar points throughout as well in case you want to learn more about them!
You brush against me / Listen to what I have to say / Stop in your tracks / And listen to my song
나를 = me
나 is the informal way to say “I,” while -를 is an object particle. More about particles here!
스쳐가다 = to brush against; to pass by
그대 = you -> This is a poetic/romantic way to say “you” and isn’t really used in everyday spoken Korean.
[verb stem] + 는 allows you to describe nouns with that verb. 나를 스쳐가는 그대 literally means “you who brushes against me.”
내 = my (informal)
말 = words
듣다 = to listen; to hear
듣다’s stem ends in ㄷ, so it becomes 들어줘 when conjugated.
[verb stem] + 아/어주다 means that a verb is done forsomebody and can be used when pleading that someone do something for you. In this case, he’s commanding that you listen to him.
Literally, this line means “listen to my words.”
걸음 = step(s) -> from the verb 걷다, meaning “to walk”
멈추다 = to stop
-고 is a connector that means “and.” This line means “stop in your tracks and…”
노래 = song
축 처진 고개들과 / 비틀거리는 그림자 / 그렇게 나는 불청객이 돼 / 아무도 모르는 yeah / 노래를 부르며 yeah
Among the drooping heads / And staggering shadows / I become an uninvited guest / While I sing a song / That nobody knows
축 처지다 = droop; hang; sag
고개 = head
Attach -들 to nouns to make them plural
[verb stem] + ㄴ/은 allows you to describe a noun with that verb in the past tense. So 축 처진 고개들 literally means “heads that drooped.”
과/와is attached to nouns to mean “and” or “with.” 과 is attached to nouns ending in a consonant, while 와 is attached to those ending in a vowel.
비틀거리다 = stagger; stumble; falter; totter
그림자 = shadow(s) (it can still be implied that a noun is plural without the -들 depending on the context!
그렇게 = like that
불챙객 = uninvited guest
되다 = to become
These lines were a little tricky to translate, but I think it essentially means “the drooping heads and staggering shadows, like that, I become an uninvited guest” as if he is an uninvited guest because the drooping heads and staggering shadows make him one.
아무도 = nobody
모르다 = to not know
아무도 모르다 sounds like a double negative – nobody doesn’t know. But in Korean, this is the correct way to say “nobody knows”! When using indefinite pronouns like 아무것도, 아무데도, (nothing, nowhere), etc., you need to use a negative verb like so.
부르다 -> when paired with 노래, means “to sing.”
[verb stem] + (으)며means “while [verb]” and is used when two actions are happening at the same time.
아무도 모르는 / 노래를 부를래 / 지나가는 너의 / 마음을 붙잡을 수 있길 바라며
I’ll sing a song / That nobody knows / Hoping that I can grasp your heart / As it passes
[verb stem] + ㄹ/을래(요) means “I will [verb]” or “I want to [verb].” It expresses a strong intention to do something.
지나가다 = pass; go by
너의 = your(informal)
너 means “you” (informal), and -의 is a possessive marker.
Hi! This is Admin Yu. Today’s grammar lesson will be on passive voice in Korean.
1. Passive Suffix
Passive verbs can be made by using passive suffixes -이/히/리/기-
보다(to see) → 보이다(to be seen)
묻다(to bury) → 묻히다(to be buried)
물다(to bite) → 물리다(to be bitten)
쫓다(to chase) → 쫓기다(to be chased)
The stem(어간) of passive verb includes the passive suffix! So when you conjugate the verb, you don’t have to change the suffix since stem is the part that doesn’t change.
경찰이 도둑을 잡다(The police catch a thief) → 도둑이 경찰에게 잡히다(A thief be caught by the police) 경찰이 도둑을 잡았다(The police caught a thief) → 도둑이 경찰에게 잡히었다/잡혔다(A thief was caught by the police) 바다가 보이는 방(room where sea can be seen = room with sea view) 산에 묻힌 보물(treasure buried in the mountain)
2. –어지다
‘-어지다’ can make passive voice.
만들다(to make) → 만들어지다(to be made)
이루다(to accomplish) → 이루어지다(to be accomplished)
지우다(to erase) → 지워지다(to be erased)
뒤집다(to turn over) → 뒤집어지다(to be turned over)
내 꿈이 이루어졌다(My dream came true) 지워진 기록(erased record)
3. -되다, -당하다
Noun + ‘-되다, -당하다’ can make passive voice.
결정(decision) → 결정되다(to be decided)
발견(discovery) → 발견되다(to be discovered)
가공(processing) → 가공되다(to be processed)
감염(infection) → 감염되다(to be infected)
계획(plan) → 계획되다(to be planned)
취소(cancel) → 취소되다(to be canceled)
대통령이 당선되었다(The president was elected) 파티가 취소되었다(The party was canceled)
고문(torture) → 고문당하다(to be tortured)
무시(ignorance) → 무시당하다(to be ignored)
그 아이는 부모에게 무시당했다(The child was ignored by his parents)
Hello! This is Admin Sun here. Today I’ll teach you how to conjugate verbs in future tense. There are a lot of ways to make your verbs into future tense, and today I’ll be covering them one by one.
1. -겠-
By using this pre-final ending (*Lesson on pre-final endings by Admin Na can be found here) you can refer to a future event. Being future tense, this pre-final ending can also imply assumption. This is the most widely used pre-final ending to express future tense.
EXAMPLES:
내일 나는 민희를 만나러 가겠다. (Today I will go meet 민희)
오늘 오후에는 서울에 비가 오겠습니다. (This afternoon it will rain in Seoul)
2. -리-
This is also a pre-final ending you can use. It’s a bit archaic and not used in common speech that much.
EXAMPLES:
내일 내가 다시 오리라 (I will come back tomorrow)
3. –(으)ㄹ
This is an adnominal ending (Introduced here by admin Hyun) that can express future tense.
EXAMPLES:
그녀는 내일 떠날 사람이다. (She is a person who will leave tomorrow)
이것은 다음주에 내가 읽을 책이다. (This is the book I will read next week)
4. –(으)ㄹ 것
This is a combination of the adnominal ending introduced above and the noun ‘것’. This is a widely used combination to express future tense.
EXAMPLES:
그 문제는 선생님께서 해결할 것이다. (The teacher will handle that problem)
내일도 꽃은 아름다울 것이다. (The flowers will be beautiful tomorrow too.)
5. Adverbs that express future tense
This is the last of future tense I’ll talk about today, and it’s really important, and quite simple. You basically use words that indicate the future like 내일 (tomorrow)and곧 (Soon). Of course, since you use these words when it’s future tense, it’s important to conjugate the verbs to match the future tense. So you will use these words that indicate future tense with the verb conjugating patterns I introduced to you above.
EXAMPLES:
내일 눈이 내릴 것이다. (Snow will fall tomorrow)
나는곧 병원에 가겠다. (I will go to the hospital soon)
Well that’s it for today’s lesson! I hope this was of some help to you :D
Hi! 안녕하세요. This is Admin Na. And today I’m going to talk about the present tense.
What is the present tense?
The present tense is a tense that coincides with the time when the event occurs.
Pre-final ending ‘-ㄴ-/-는-’:
Expresses the current tense in combination with verbs.
Ex)
I play basketball with my friends.: 나는 친구들과 농구를 한다.
A sleeping baby: 잠을 자는아기
He was proud of his father, a doctor.: 그는 의사인 아버지를 자랑스러워했다.
Sunwoo drinks water.: 선우는 물을 마신다.
Sung Eun is eating.: 성은이가 밥을 먹는다.
No pre-final ending:
In adjectives or descriptive postposition, the current tense can be expressed without a pre-final ending.
Ex)
The weather is hot today.: 오늘은 날씨가 덥다.
My brother is a college student.: 우리 형은 대학생이다.
A modifier form ending ‘-는’:
Expresses the current tense in combination with verbs.
Ex)
I am looking at my brother who is eating.: 밥을 먹는 동생을 보고 있다.
The cup rice that Jimin eats is really delicious.: 지민이가 먹는 컵밥은 정말 맛있다.
I’m studying for the exam.: 시험공부 하는나.
A modifier form ending ‘-(으)ㄴ’:
To express the present tense in combination with adjectives or narrative ending.
Ex)
I feel good when I see pretty flowers.: 예쁜 꽃을 보면 기분이 좋다.
Pretty Jimin is coming to the academy.: 예쁜 지민이가 학원에 온다.
Minji is a pretty child.: 민지는 예쁜아이이다.
Time adverbs representing the present:
‘오늘’, ‘지금’ etc.
Ex)
I read a book in the library now.: 나는 지금 도서관에서 책을 읽는다.
Jonghee studies hard today.: 종희는 오늘도 열심히 공부를 한다.
It’s windy now.: 지금 바람이 분다.
The train is leaving now.: 기차가 지금출발한다.
REVIEW TEST
1. What is the present tense?
A: The present tense is a tense that coincides with the time when the event occurs.
2. Write an example that includes the pre-final ending ‘-ㄴ-/-는-’
A: I play basketball with my friends. etc(you can make tons of them!)
3. In adjectives or descriptive postposition, can the current tense be expressed without a pre-final ending?
A: 0
Thank you all for reading this post! I really hope this was helpful for you, and also, there is a previous post of ours introducing the pre-final ending(which would help you understand the Korean present tense more easily)! So if you’re interested, I think you should check it out! Always stay safe:D Jojal-jojal Korea is always pulling for you!!
A tense is a grammatical category that represents the temporal position of a situation based on a point in time. The tense is divided into ‘past-present-future’ depending on the relationship between 발화시(the time of speech) and 사건시(when the action or condition appears).
Past tense is a time expression in which event time precedes speech. The past tense is mainly realized by 선어말 어미 ‘-았-/-었-’.
ex)
-나는 저번 주에 떡볶이를 먹었다.(I had 떡볶이 last week.)
=> ‘What I ate 떡볶이’ happened before ‘talking about what i ate 떡볶이’.
=> 먹다(basic form) + ‘-었-’(선어말 어미) = 먹었다
-철수는 어제 영희와 놀았다.(철수 played with 영희 yesterday.)
=> ‘What Chul-soo played with Young-hee’ happened before ‘talking about what 철수 played with 영희’.
=> 놀다(basic form) + ‘-았-’(선어말 어미) = 놀았다
It is sometimes used in the form of ‘-았었/-었었-’ to express that something happened a long time ago or is not the case now. Use ‘-더-’ to recall past events or experiences.
ex)
-철수는 전에는 당근을 먹었었다.(철수 used to eat carrots.)
=> 철수 used to eat carrots, but he doesn’t eat them now.
=> 먹다(basic form) + ‘-었었-’(선어말 어미) = 먹었었다
-어제 영희가 준 사과가 맛있더라.(The apple that 영희 gave me yesterday was delicious.)
=> The speaker recalls that the apples given by 영희 in the past were delicious.
=> 맛있다(basic form) + ‘-더-’(선어말 어미) = 맛있더라
when using in as 관형사절(adnominal clause), 관형사형 어미(an adnominal form ending)‘-(으)ㄴ’and‘-던’ is used for verbs, and ‘-던’ is used for 형용사(adjective) and ‘이다’. You can also add ’-았/었-’ followed by ’-던/었.’
ex)
-식탁 위에 내가 먹은/먹던/먹었던 빵이 있었다.(There was bread I ate on the table./There was the bread I was eating on the table./There was bread I had eaten on the table.
-철수는푸르던 하늘을 떠올렸다.(철수 recalled the blue sky.)
-그 때는 영희가 학생이던/학생이었던 시절이다.(That was when Young-hee was a student.)
Time for more grammar! I think I would consider this one to be… intermediate? But I don’t remember seeing it actually introduced in any of the textbooks I’ve check out! Anyway, let’s take a look at -토록, a grammar point used to indicate a certain extent of something.
- something ended up in a certain state or become a certain state often without external influence - you don’t want to do something but you have to and then end up doing it anyway - when something happened that wasn’t planned or expected but the situation changed and you end up doing something - when using this in the future tense you can express that some situation will eventually occur whether or not the person wants to
Notes - 메모
- for this meaning, it can only be used with action verbs - if the result is positive it is a humble/modest way to say sth. happens (장학금 받게 됐어요. - I got the scholarship. This is way more humble than just saying 장학금 받았어요.) -어쩌다 is a word that is often found at the beginning of sentences where this pattern is used. It doesn’t add a specific meaning, just support the meaning that something ended up accidentally and by chance. - a literal translation isn’t always possible
Grammar - 문법
- Verb stem + 게 되다 - Past tense: + 게 되었어요 / short form: +게 됐어요. - Present tense: + 게 돼요 - Future tense: + 게 될 거예요
sample sentences / 보기
내일 알게 될 거예요. You will find out tomorrow.
한국에는 어떻게 오게 됐어요? How did you end up coming to Korea? What brings you here?
그 노래를 좋아하게 됐어요. I came to like that song. I ended up liking this song.
사랑에 빠지게 됐어요. I fell in love. I ended up falling in love.
한국에 와서 매운 음식을 잘 먹게 됐어요. I came to Korea and ended up being able to eat spicy food. / or liking spicy food.
저는 친구를 금요일에 만나게 됐어요. I met my friend on Friday. (the situation changed so I met my friend on Friday and not the other day)
Let’s practice and think about things that changed in your life and ended up being a certain state.
resources: Talk To Me In Korean, How to study Korean, different blogs and online resources, youtube, textbooks
Disclaimer: I’m not a native Korean speaker. I learn Korean by myself. If there are any mistakes please let me know so I can correct it. 감사합니다!
