Bust of Lucius Verus (co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius, 161-169 CE). Artist unknown; after 160 CE. Now in the Römisch-Germanisches Museum, Cologne, Germany.
A little closure to who Rufrius Crispinus is. He was the former Praetorian guard, who lost his job, because Agrippina minor fired him, in order to have Burrus (who owed her a favour) take his place. Rufius is very salty about this and doesn’t like Agrippina much.
Detail of relief with Marcus Aurelius offering a sacrifice to Jupiter Capitoline. Relief panel comes from the decoration of a triumphal arch erected in 176 AD. in the Roman Forum at the foot of the Capitoline Hill to celebrate Marcus Aurelius’s victories over the Germanics and Sarmatians. Relief was created during Marcus Aurelius’s reign in the years from 177 to 180 AD. Musei Capitolini, Rome.
The Arch of Constantine is a triumphal Arch in Rome, situated between the Colosseum and The Palatine Hill. It was erected by the Roman Senate to commemorate Constantine’s Victory over Maxentius at the battle of Milvian Bridge on October 28, 312. The Arch is 21m high, 25,9m wide and 7,4m deep. It has three archways, the central one being 11,5m high and 6,5m wide, the lateral archways 7,4m by 3,4m each. The top, called attic, is a brickwork reveted with marble. A staircase formed in the thickness of the each arch is entered from a door at some height from the ground, in the end towards the Palantine Hill. Rome, Italy.
Hadrian’s Villa in Tivoli. Tivoli (the Ancient Tibur, 23 kilometers from Rome) is the site of an imposing architectural complex, Hadrian’s Villa. Built between the years 118 and 134. It were meant to remind emperor Hadrian of the places he most loved in Greece and the Near East. Hadrian’s Villa is one of Italian UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Hadrian’s Villa in Tivoli. Tivoli (the Ancient Tibur, 23 kilometers from Rome) is the site of an imposing architectural complex, Hadrian’s Villa. Built between the years 118 and 134. It were meant to remind emperor Hadrian of the places he most loved in Greece and the Near East. Hadrian’s Villa is one of Italian UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The Arch of Constantine is a triumphal Arch in Rome, situated between the Colosseum and The Palatine Hill. It was erected by the Roman Senate to commemorate Constantine’s Victory over Maxentius at the battle of Milvian Bridge on October 28, 312. The Arch is 21m high, 25,9m wide and 7,4m deep. It has three archways, the central one being 11,5m high and 6,5m wide, the lateral archways 7,4m by 3,4m each. The top, called attic, is a brickwork reveted with marble. A staircase formed in the thickness of the each arch is entered from a door at some height from the ground, in the end towards the Palantine Hill. Rome, .
TheArch of Titus (Arcus Titi) is a triumphal arch located at the entrance to the Forum Romanum, at the highest point of the via Sacra.
The arch was constructed in 81 AD by the Roman Emperor Domitian shortly after the death of his older brother Titus (Emperor from 79 to 81 AD) to commemorate the victories of his father VespasianandTitus in the Jewish WarinJudaea.
In 66 AD Jewish Zealots started a revolt against the Roman occupation of Judaea. Vespasian was sent from Rome to suppress the revolt. After Vespasian became emperor, his son Titus took over command of the troops. The siege of Jerusalem in 70 AD was the decisive event of the war. The city was sacked, its famous Second Temple destroyed and its vast riches plundered.
The original inscription on the east side of the arch is still in situ. Originally the letters would have been inlaid with gilded bronze. It reads:
“SENATUS POPOLUS QUE ROMANUS DIVO TITO DIVI VESPASIANI F(filio) VISPASIANO AUGUSTO” - The Roman Senate and People to the divine Titus Vespasianus Augustus, son of the divine Vespasian
The south panel depicts the spoils taken from the Temple in Jerusalem, carried on litters in a triumphal procession, amongst then the silver trumpets and the seven-branched golden Candelabra(Menorah), carved in deep relief. The north panel depicts Titus as Triumphator,riding a four-horse chariot (quadriga) and shows him being crowned by a personification of Victory.ThegoddessRoma stands in front, holding the bridle of one of the horses. This is one of the first examples of divinities and humans being present in one scene together.
The arch of Titus is one of Rome’s oldest and most well preserved arches. It has provided the general model for many triumphal arches, like the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France.
TheRes Gestae Divi Augusti, (The Deeds of the Divine Augustus) is the political testament, official autobiography and funerary inscription of the first Roman emperor, Augustus (63 BC – 14 AD
The text, written by Augustus himself, gives a first-person record of his life and accomplishments and tell us us how he wanted to be remembered. The work is very impersonal and selective; he doesn’t mention his failures, only his achievements. He wrote it as an Elogium (formal funerary oration) and as propaganda. Augustus may have intended it to be read out in the Senate after his death. In accordance with his wishes, it was inscribed on two bronze pillars in front of his mausoleum in Rome.
The achievements of the Divine Augustus were copied and inscribed on monuments throughout the empire. The best preserved version is on the Temple of Rome and Augustus in Ancyra, Galatia (modern Ankara, Turkey), known as the Monumentum Ancyranum.
