#artanddesign
A close-up view of the jellyfish embroidery I was working on a few weeks ago when exploring ‘nature’ as a theme.
Within the period 1545 — 1554, Benvenuto Cellini produced the bronze sculpture of Perseus with the Head of Medusa. The work was commissioned by the second Florentine duke, and the sculpture is still located today in the Piazza della Signoria in Florence, Italy. The work displays the mythological story of Perseus beheading Medusa, a Gorgon who turned all those in her gaze to stone.
Within the sculpture, Perseus is demonstrated to be exceptionally strong and powerful, unsurprisingly due to his demi-god nature. This is evident through several elements, such as: Perseus being sculpted as very muscular, the use of bronze and marble, rich subtleties, the confident stance, the structure of the statue looking down on the person beneath etc. It is also notable that this depiction of a man would have been especially familiar in the unequivocally patriarchal society of the time. Since there was inherent pressure for men to perform to a particular standard, they had to maintain their reputation of being masculine and a confident provider. With all these variables considered, Cellini’s fundamental rationale for the statue was to not only convey the Greek tale of a strong hero, but also display the political intent: the decapitation of Medusa addressed the Republican experiment, while the snakes represented the contradictions in the city, threatening democracy. With regard to such a message being communicated and the patriarchal expectations of the era, this bold display of Perseus was exceptionally fitting.
Sources:
- Art History lesson notes.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus_with_the_Head_of_Medusa
- https://www.italianways.com/perseus-with-the-head-of-medusa-a-masterpiece-of-mannerism/
“Do Women Have To Be Naked To Get Into the Met. Museum?” is a poster created by the Guerrilla Girls in 1989. They are a group of anonymous, female artists who are known for their devotion to fighting sexism and racism within the art world. This particular poster is a feminist social commentary and critique that was provoked by the International Survey of Painting and Sculpture exhibition, held in 1984 at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. This exhibition included the work of 169 artists, less than 10% of whom were women. Although female artists had played a central role in experimental American art of the 1970s, their presence in museum and gallery exhibitions were diminished dramatically. This prejudice therefore inspired the Guerrilla Girls to speak out in an artistic way, that targeted everyone they felt actively responsible for the exclusion of women and non-white artists from mainstream exhibitions and publications.
The poster itself displays an image of a partially censored naked lady, commenting on the still prevalent patriarchal times of society. It comments largely on the woman’s worth, presenting her to be seen in a sexualised light by civilisation, but then also highlighting the stupidity of this through the witty and sarcastic title. Although displayed to be very bare, the woman is still able to keep her identity hidden through the Gorilla mask, reflecting also on the artists’ own anonymity. Combining bold block text with lists and statistics allowed for the Girls to appropriate the visual language of advertising and have it actually be recognised by the public in the streets. Through the means of displaying social commentary within art in a still very sexist world, the Guerrilla Girls were able to influence minds and fulfil their responsibility of reaching a wider audience. Their use of wit and irony to point a critical finger at double standards prevalent in the art world and elsewhere was, and still is, a very important motive to help make a change.
Kara Walker is an American artist who explores race, gender, sexuality, violence and identity in her work. She is best known for her large scale tableaux of black cut paper-silhouettes, which expose the viewer to the issues of prejudice. ‘Slavery! Slavery!’ is an example of this work, created in the year 2000. Through many displayed qualities such as colour contrast, the simple narrative, layout and exaggeration, Walker provides a strong critique of the plantation culture. What initially looks like a historical instillation is later dismissed upon closer scrutiny, as the shadow figures are shown to be revelling in all kinds of erotic, sadistic and masochistic acts. This portrayal of the design is executed in a way that emphasises Walker’s sharp sense of wit and humour, yet still addresses the history and identity with a powerful directness. Through the use of largely stereotypical and exaggerated designs, Walker is able to challenge this notion of prejudice and effectively display the horrors of it.
[ Sources:
- Art History lesson notes.
- https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/kara-walker-2674
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_Walker
-https://walkerart.org/collections/artists/kara-walker ]
During the 16th century, the separation of different genres within the art world was very prominent. They were considered to be ranked in order of importance, being: History, Portrait, Genre, LandscapeandStill life. History paintings were viewed as the most significant due to their narrative subject matter rather than artistic style, whereas the Landscape genre was considered less important as it did not include the same notion of depicting a moment in a factual story.
However, the 19th century saw a remarkable explosion of naturalistic landscape painting, and this was when it began to rise in popularity and significance. Flatford Mill byJohn Constable is a perfect example that displays this beauty of landscape paintings, and why it became better recognised. The painting displays a scenic countryside from Constable’s childhood spent in Suffolk, with intricate details shown, such as the boy and the horse. A large canvas was used which created an even more virtual and atmospheric scene, reflecting largely on the landscape itself and feeling almost convincing enough to be real. Due to this noteworthy execution amongst other qualities, it is unsurprising that landscape art has grown in regards to recognition. Whether this was due to the belief that nature is a direct manifestation of God, the increasing alienation of people from nature by growing industrialisation and urbanisation in the 19th century, or just simply the media’s influence over time — it is still a big, ever-growing art form within the 21st century. Landscape art became the vehicle for a revolution in Western painting, and so the traditional hierarchy of the genres collapsed.
[ Sources:
- https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/constable-flatford-mill-scene-on-a-navigable-river-n01273
- Art History lesson notes. ]