#communists

The deck of the Petropavlovskafter the defeat of the rebellion.

March 17 1921, Kronstadt [Kotlin]–The failure of the initial attack on Kronstadt was an embarrassment for the Communists, who on the same day convened their Tenth Party Congress in Moscow.  On March 10, after Trotsky reported on the situation, 320 delegates volunteered to join the fight.  With the spring fast approaching and the ice in the Gulf of Finland threatening to melt, Tukachevsky had to act quickly.

While he prepared another offensive, events moved even quicker at the Congress in Moscow.  Lenin had found himself facing direct threats from Kronstadt, strikes in the major cities, and widespread peasant rebellions, along with internal opposition in the form of the Alexander Shliapnikov and Alexandra Kollontai’s Workers’ Opposition.  The strikes had largely petered out by mid-March, with promises that trade would resume with the countryside and the food situation would improve.  Kronstadt would be crushed by force.  The Workers’ Opposition would be effectively dissolved by a ban on internal Communist Party factions, passed without fanfare on April 16 but which would confirm a dictatorship until Gorbachev.  

The farmers, Lenin chose to mollify.  Food had heretofore been requisitioned from communities in large quantities by the government.  This system was to be turned into a tax, 45% lower than the previous rate, and levied on an individual basis.  Any remaining food could be sold on the open market, and additional incentives were provided to boost production.  What would become the New Economic Policy pleased the farmers who directly benefited, and the city-dwellers whose food worries would be alleviated; it had only taken a betrayal of Communist ideals.  Lenin justified this before the Congress on March 15 by saying that an alliance with the peasants was needed if Communism was to survive in a relatively non-industrialized country like Russia without outside help–but after years of war, there was little opposition to a policy that might bring an end to the conflicts.

The announcement of the land tax also boosted the morale of Tukachevsky’s forces, which had also been reinforced with loyal Communists from around the country.  He began another bombardment of Kronstadt on the afternoon of the 16th, and his infantry attacked across the ice in the wee hours of the 17th.  Casualties were high; over 10,000 (including 15 of the party delegates who had volunteered from Moscow) were felled by the defenders or were lost through holes in the ice.  But shortly before midnight, the Communists had captured the Petropavlovskand most of the other rebellious ships.  About 8000 of the rebels escaped across the ice to Finland; most of those captured by the Communists were shot or died in a concentration camp on the White Sea.

Sources include: Orlando Figes, A People’s Tragedy; W. Bruce Lincoln, Red Victory.

The Man From Uncle: And Why Nazis Are Always Worse

We’re working with the Russians. It doesn’t get any more Russian than the Red Peril here! It was more or less ignored in 2015 when it came out, didn’t exactly make a profit and (as will almost all enjoyable films) received a less than spectacular rating on Rotten Tomatoes (the web site where critics parrot the shallow thoughts of one another completely unrelated to the actual quality of films).…

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Fighters of the Liaudies Gynėjai (People’s Defenders), Lithuanian communists in the 1940s-50s who supported the Soviet Union and fought against the fascist CIA-backed “Forest Brothers” terrorists.

The Liaudies Gynėjai were drawn mainly from the poor peasantry who had been oppressed before the revolution (whereas “Forest Brothers” were all upper-class, coming from the landlords and bourgeoisie). They were strong supporters of Marxism-Leninism, and served as an all-volunteer militia defending collective farms and Communist Party members in the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. Collective farms were often targeted for terrorist attacks, and communists were often victims of assassination. The Liaudies Gynėjai also served as an auxiliary force for the Red Army, working as guides and translators.

Tens of thousands of Lithuanians served in the Liaudies Gynėjai, but since the counterrevolution that destroyed the Soviet Union, their names have largely been erased from history by the semifascist regime that now rules Lithuania. Few outside of Lithuania have heard of them, whereas the name of “Forest Brothers” is glorified, as the Lithuanian capitalist regime celebrates the kulaks and capitalists which murdered thousands of Lithuanian communists, workers and peasants, either to punish them for supporting communism and land redistribution or just to rob them (the “Forest Brothers” sustained themselves largely on banditry). The legacy of the Liaudies Gynėjai is an inconvenience to a reactionary nationalist regime that relies on the myth that all Lithuanians were anti-communist and opposed the Soviet Union, and so they have been demonized and wiped from historical memory.

Watch “Commies are Anti-Semitic because of Capitalism” on YouTube