and here’s a reproduction of the statue with the colors restored
i honestly think that what we consider the height of sculpture in all of Western civilization being essentially the leftover templates of gaudy pieces of theme park shit to be evidence of the potential merit of found art
“I tried coloring it and then I ruined it”
And you know what the funniest part is? The paint didn’t just wear off over time. A bunch of asshole British historians back in the Victorian era actually went around scrubbing the remaining paint off of Greek and Roman statues - often destroying the fine details of the carving in the process - because the bright colours didn’t fit the dignified image they wished to present of the the cultures they claimed to be heirs to. This process also removed visible evidence of the fact that at least some of the statues thus stripped of paint had originally depicted non-white individuals.
Whenever you look at a Roman statue with a bare marble face, you’re looking at the face of imperialist historical revisionism.
(The missing noses on a lot of Egyptian statues are a similar deal. It’s not that the ancient Egyptians made statues with strangely fragile noses. Many Victorian archaeologists had a habit of chipping the noses off of the statues they brought back, then claiming that they’d found them that way - because with the noses intact, it was too obvious that the statues were meant to depict individuals of black African descent.)
There’s a lot of good academic discussion about chromophobia in modern Western aesthetics and how it links to colonialism.
a couple of general points:
1) the reason the reconstructions here look like “the leftover templates of gaudy pieces of theme park shit” is because they’re reconstructions. this is not actually what these statues looked like, and in my opinion they do roman art a massive disservice. the reason they look so “gaudy” (which is actually the exact same colonial attitude that led directly to the literal whitewashing of graeco-roman art, nice, very nice) is because the colours have been applied flat, with no shading or blending to give the impression of shadow. looking at contemporary roman portraiture, it’s clear that they did actually have quite a sophisticated grasp of shading and colouring, and to imagine that they would just suddenly forget how to do the dark bits when they were painting on stone is ludicrous. for context, this is a portrait of paquius proculo, a fresco from pompeii, dating from around 20-30AD, ten years earlier than that bust of caligula:
(also of interest in this regard are the fayum mummy portraits, dating from the second century AD; again, although they are of varying quality, the best of them demonstrate a clear understanding of shading. for example:
and, to be honest: do you really think a civilisation that produced this
just, what, didn’t get paint? these reconstructions are laughable, not because they’re colourful but because they’re presenting an incredibly sophisticated culture as unable to understand simple artistic concepts; something that i think itself contributes to the idea of colourfully painted statues being ‘silly’ and ‘gaudy’, which again is an incredibly colonially-influenced idea.
2) the reason graeco-roman statues are often missing the noses is because most excavated statues are generally missing the noses. they are fragile. the head of a statue is basically a football with details; the nose is the only protruding part and is comparatively narrow and thin (as opposed to, say, an arm or leg, which takes more force to break off but is still very much detachable, c.f the venus di milo) and is very, very easy to break off. although i am absolutely the last person to deny the racism that has been present in classics, the noses thing is really not a great example.
Many sculptures from antiquity were defaced during the early Christian period. During riots, Christian mobs would smash the noses off of ‘pagan’ sculptures, as they usually depicted pagan gods, or emperors, and depending on the sect, any depiction of a person could be considered ‘graven’.
The hotbed of Christian zealotry was Egypt. Throughout its time as a Roman, and then ‘Byzantine’ province during its early Christian history, the province proved practically unmanageable due to its Christian theological riots, with the majority of the population not following Constantinople’s doctrine and theological orders.
This Roman bust of Germanicus at the British Museum was defaced - nose smashed off - during a riot that would have taken place in late antiquity in Egypt, so, 400-500AD [also, note the cross etched into forehead]
Probably the most known example of this is the destruction of the Alexandrian Serapeum, a vast temple complex in Alexandria, Christian mobs tore the temple apart, destroying and looting, tearing it down brick by brick.
Another example, outside of Egypt, is the Nika Revolts in Constantinople. On its creation as a co-capital of the Roman Empire, an unfathomable amount of art and sculpture was brought to adorn the New Rome, and during the revolt, for the most part this cream of the classical crop was destroyed, again, by theological mobs.
After Egypt’s conquest during the Arab-Islamic conquests, this practice would have continued. In fact, theologically, many of Egypt’s Christian sects were more in line with Islamic theology than what became mainstream Christianity in both ‘Orthodox’ and ‘Catholic’ doctrine.
Basically, if you want to know what happened to sculptures from antiquity, Abrahamic faiths happened to them. We divorce classical and ancient sculptures from their meaning - we see them as history or art, but to the new faiths, they were graven images, they were pagan, and they were destroyed or defaced.
I like this version of the thread. It has actual history in it not just “Victorian assholes” did it (which this thread also seems to be the only thing I ever see about Victorians removing paint from statues).
This temple Garni in Armenia was built before the country adopted Christianity in 301 AD. That is why it is fundamentally different from all other religious buildings in Armenia.
In the wake of Ptolemy’s I takeover of Egypt(around 323 BC), an estimated 150.000 Greeks moved to Alexandria to be close to this new source of power and patronage. Alexandria became the capital city and a major center of Greek culture (Greek was the official language under the Ptolemies) and trade. The traditional gods were still worshipped but new gods were also introduced, like Serapis, a composite of several Egyptian and Hellenistic deities.
The Ptolemies were generous supporters of artists, and they used their freedom to treat the human form with daring realism. For the first time, there were museums and great libraries, such as those at Alexandria (Great Library of Alexandria) and Pergamon.Marble was a fantastic medium for showing the human form. Some of the best known sculptures from the ancient world are products of this period.
The Roman province of Egypt was established in 30 BC after Octavian (later emperor Augustus) defeatedMark Antony, deposed his lover Queen Cleopatra VII and annexed the Ptolemaic Kingdom to the Roman Empire.
Several exquisite pieces dating back to the Hellenistic, RomanandByzantine eras were discovered during excavations in the site of the construction of the New Library of Alexandria. These works reflect the rich, multi-cultural history of Egypt with its Pharaonic, Graeco-Roman, Coptic and Islamic heritage.
The remains of the Christian Basilica at Hermopolis Magna.
Hermopolis Magna was an ancient city of Upper Egypt known as Khmunu (“the City of the Eight”). It was was the ancient capital of the 15th Hare nome (administrative division, province of ancient Egypt)
The great deity worshiped there was Thoth, the Egyptian god of the Moon, the inventor of writing, the creator of languages and the patron of scribes. The Greeks associated Thoth with their god Hermes(so they called the city Hermopolis). The temple of Thoth made the city an important religious center during the Ptolemaic period.
At Hermopolis, Greco-Roman and Egyptian culture mixed, resulting in temples to a variety of gods. The most impressive structure today dates to the 5th century CE: the Christian basilica. The 29 monolithic columns of red granite with their fine Corinthian capitals are almost all that is left of the basilica (c. 410-440 AD) which covered an area of 1195 square meters. The stylobate and the foundations of the basilica were built of reused blocks of stone from different periods.
The city had other important temples, among them a temple dedicated to Amon, another to Nero, a Ptolemaic sanctuary and a temple dedicated to Alexander the Great and his half-brother, Philip Arrhidaeus (Philip III of Macedon).
~ Copy of the Aphrodite of Knidos. Copy after Praxiteles (Greek, active ca. 375-340 BC) ( Culture: Roman Date: 3rd-2nd century B.C. Period: Greco-Roman Place of origin: Lebanon, Sidon Medium: Marble
