FDA Approves PYRUKYND® (mitapivat) as First Disease-Modifying Therapy for Hemolytic Anemia in Adults with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency.

Scientists have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system that can analyze eye scans taken during a routine visit to an optician or eye clinic and identify patients at a high risk of a heart attack.

Doctors have recognized that changes to the tiny blood vessels in the retina are indicators of broader vascular disease, including problems with the heart.

In the research, led by the University of Leeds, deep learning techniques were used to train the AI system to automatically read retinal scans and identify those people who, over the following year, were likely to have a heart attack.

Researchers say they have found a second patient whose body seemingly had rid itself of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS — supporting hope that it may be possible someday to find a way to cure more people of the virus.

I am a medical student from a developing country in Southeast Europe, the average monthly wages here are around 420 euros. The education system incomparable to the american or  european system, the literature we use is so outdated that our diploma is not recognised outside our county. But we want to be as equally good doctors. Therefore, we try using foreign books and online resources but you know these things usually have a price and my family cannot afford to pay  for my ‘non-university-required’. /optional study materials. I am in my clinical years of med school and I have found the OnlineMedEd videos very useful but I can not afford the OME notes. May ask if anyone could be willing to share the onlinemeded notes pdf with me. I would be really grateful. Sorry for taking your time.  please if you can and want help me. Thank you in advance!

Molar Pregnancy (Hydatidiform Mole)

Molar pregnancy is an abnormal form of pregnancy in which a non-viable fertilized egg implants in the uterus and will fail to come to term (will not develop into a child). Instead, the cells divide and replicate into a growing mass (mole) of non-foetal tissue.

Molar pregnancy is a gestational trophoblastic disease in which a non-viable egg grows into a mass (tumour) in the uterus that has swollen chorionic villi.

• Can develop when a fertilized egg does not contain an original maternal nucleus.
• Usually contains no foetal tissue.
• Characterized by the presence of a hydatidiform mole (or hydatid mole).
• Approximately 20% of women with a complete mole develop a trophoblastic malignancy (malignant disease // cancer)

Complete hydatidiform moles have a 2–4% risk of developing into choriocarcinoma in Western countries and 10–15% in Eastern countries, and have a 15% risk of becoming an invasive mole.

Molar pregnancies make up 1 in 1,000 pregnancies in the US and up to 1 in 100 pregnancies in parts of Asia.

Symptoms

• Vaginal bleeding- molar tissue separates from the decidua, causing bleeding.
• Uterus may become distended by large amounts of blood, and dark fluid may leak into the vagina.
• Hyperemesis - severe nausea and vomiting due to very high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
• Hyperthyroidism - thyroid gland is stimulated by the high levels of circulating hCG or by a thyroid stimulating substance (ie, thyrotropin) produced by the trophoblasts.

Partial mole

Partial moles do not generate the same clinical features as a complete mole. Patients instead present with signs and symptoms consistent with an incomplete or missed abortion, including vaginal bleeding and absence of foetal heartbeat.