#autopsy

Kitty Liver

Check meowt!

I’m a purrfect hepatic vein surrounded by hepatic lobules!

i♡histo

This is a hematoxylin and eosin stained slice through a liver that was injected with carbon/ink prior to fixation.

The liver is compose of numerous roughly hexagonal shaped lobules. Each lobule has a venule at its center (the central vein; top right) and a series of hepatic triads at its periphery. A triad is a collection of three structures - in this case branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and hepatic duct.

Blood in the hepatic artery (oxygenated) and hepatic portal vein (rich in nutrients absorbed from the intestines) travels in sinusoids (the many narrow white spaces in this image) towards the central vein of each lobule. On its way through the sinusoids the blood is processed by the the many hepatocytes that line this region (the pink cells).
Within the sinusoids reside many liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) that phagocytose debris traveling through sinusoids. Normally these cells are invisible in standard H&E preparations but recall that this tissue was injected with ink! The ink was phagocytosed by the macrophages filling their cytoplasm with carbon so that they are now visible as black cells in the sinusoids.

Once the blood enters the central vein of each hepatic lobule they drain into the hepatic veins (kitty!) until the blood reaches the inferior venal cava.

In this way all blood, rich in raw nutrients and toxins absorbed from the GI tract is processed by the liver before it enters the systemic circulation!

Pawsitively unbeliverable!

Cookie Monster Ovary

Today’s ihearthisto is brought to you by the letter O for Oocyte!

i♡histo

This is image shows a high magnification view of a slice through an ovary.

You are looking at four tiny primordial follicles (the cookies above Cookie Monster’s head) located in the outer cortex of the ovary. Each of these follicles contains a single dormant, immature egg (a primary oocyte) that is halted in the the first phase of meiosis (prophase I). Eventually these follicles will be recruited to enter the maturation cycle that, against all the odds, could see them develop into an embryo.

Cookie monster himself is a larger multilaminar primary follicle (the cookie in his mouth is the nucleus of the oocyte within the follicle). This type of follicle has already been recruited and it’s follicular cells are dividing and differentiating. The oocyte within it though is still halted in prophase I of meiosis.

An oocyte will only complete meiosis if it is ovulated and fertilized by a spermatozoon (a sperm cell).

The Organ Rings [Answers]

Original post without answers:

 https://www.ihearthisto.com/post/657148528765911040/the-organ-rings-to-commemorate-the-olympic

Trachea: C-shaped cartilage, a pseudostratified epi with cilia & goblet cells

Esophagus: Non-keratinized stratified squamous epi and muscularis mucosa

⚫ Artery (distributing): Prominent internal elastic lamina & thick smooth muscle tunica media

Bladder or Ureter: Transitional epithelium

Appendix: Crypts of Lieberkuhn (no villi) with surrounding submucosal lymph nodules

Thanks for playing!

Enjoy the games!

ihh

The Organ Rings

To commemorate the Olympic Games here are some slices through a few of the more tubular organs in your body!

Do you know what they are? Comment below!

Winner gets the gold medal!

[I’ll post the answers soon!]

Jurassic Pork

The pork tapeworm Taenia solium or a brachiosaurus?

i♡histo

This image shows the tapeworm T. solium, a parasite found in the bowels of humans who eat under-cooked pork.

You can see the proglottid segments of the worm’s neck/body and its terrifying scolex (head) complete with a hooked rostellum which it uses to attach itself onto your intestinal wall so that you don’t poop it out easily.

Fully grown worms can expand to around 2-3 meters in length and are composed of numerous segments each of which form their own reproductive unit.

The life cycle of the parasite begins when pigs ingest the T. solium eggs (from fecal contamination). The eggs develop into larvae inside the pig & then migrate through the intestinal wall to form cysts in their muscles & tissues.

Once slaughtered for meat, the larvae can be ingested by humans if the pork is eaten raw or under-cooked. Once in the human small intestine the larvae grow into large adult worms where they persist often unnoticed due to the lack of symptoms associated with their existence. The worms lay eggs into the intestines which are released during defecation thus continuing the life cycle.

“Life finds a way” - Dr. Ian Malcolm, Jurassic Park

A major complication of infection with T. solium is Cysticercosis. This is a parasitic tissue infection caused by the larval cysts of the tapeworm. These larval cysts infect brain, muscle, or other tissue, and are a cause of adult onset seizures. A person only gets cysticercosis by swallowing the eggs found in the feces of a person who has an intestinal tapeworm NOT from contracting a tapeworm by eating under-cooked pork itself. So people living in the same household with someone who has a tapeworm have a much higher risk of getting cysticercosis than people who don’t because they can be exposed to the eggs released in the stool.

A Pacinian Fingerprint at the Scene of the Crime

With all of this criminal activity it’s not surprising the body is full of cells!

i♡histo

A Pacinian or lamellar corpuscle is a mechanoreceptor that is most frequently found at the junction of the dermis/hypodermis in the skin. They are particularly prominent in the skin of the fingers and palms.  In addition to the skin they are also found in other organs (e.g. mesentery, pancreas).

These very unique fingerprint-like structures have characteristic whorls formed from concentric lamella. Each lamella is separated from the next by a fluid filled space. And each lamella is lined on its inner and outer surface by connective tissue synthesized by the fibroblasts also in this region (you can see the nuclei of the fibroblasts in these lamellae in this image).

A nerve runs from the inner core of the corpuscle and is responsible for the transduction of mechanical forces applied to the skin into electrical signals that are conveyed to the central nervous system via the dorsal root ganglion.
This organization of fluid filled lamella and a central nerve are highly sensitive to pressure, particularly vibrational forces generated during tasks that involve a manipulative or tactile nature, like sensing the texture of a surface that is touched.

In fact, the screen of the phone/tablet you are using right now has been designed with the specific intention of stimulating the Pacinian corpuscles in your finger as you scroll.

So why not test out the Pacinians of your index finger for a moment by liking this post and following!! :-)

⭐ Patrick Star in a Sperm Tube

My favorite Patrick in honor of #stpaddysday☘️ 

Some say that Patrick Star and the male reproductive tract are fairly similar… but if you look closely there’s actually a vas deferens.

i♡histo

This image shows the tube through which spermatozoa travel during ejaculation. It is called the vas deferens (ductus deferens). 

Histologically it is unique because of its unique pseudostratified epithelium (surrounding Patrick…check out the unique regular beaded appearance of the basal cells in this epithelium) and its triple-layered smooth muscle wall - so thick you can actually palpate it within the spermatic cord within the scrotum. Patrick is actually within the empty space of the lumen of the tube (where the sperm travels). 

Spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and travel to the epididymis where they complete the maturation process. During ejaculation, a peristaltic wave of strong muscular contractions propel the sperm from the epididymis and into the vas deferens. This wave of peristalsis continues along the triple-thick muscle wall of the vas deferens eventually pushing the sperm out into the urethra. From here they have enough momentum to travel along the length of the penis before exiting exit the tube at the external urethral meatus (the fancy anatomical name for the hole at the end of the penis).

But sperm are not the only stuff that is ejaculated… at the same time as the sperm is moving along this pathway, the smooth muscle surrounding a number of glands also contracts which pushes their secretions into the urethra too at the same moment that the sperm is moving through it. These include secretions from the seminal vesicles (seminal fluid), prostate gland (prostatic fluid) and bulbourethral glands.

The final concoction that is ejaculated is actually a combination of sperm and all of these extra sperm-nourishing secretions and collectively it is known as semen.

Which brings us back to where we started with this sea-man - Patrick Star!

#histology #science #pathology #pathologists #anatomy #autopsy #patrickstar #spongebob #vasdeferens #malereproductive #stpatricksday #menshealth #premed #biology #medicaleducation #meded #nurse #nursing #medschool #medstudent #medicine #medlab #vetscience #vetschool #ihearthisto

The Ro-lung Stones 

The Stones’ ‘Hot Lips’ logo formed from a blood vessel filled with erythrocytes within a congested zone around a focal pneumonia of the lung.

During the first stages of focal/lobar pneumonia macrophages (the larger cells that are visible in the white alveolar space) respond to phagocytose (eat) any pathogens in the lung.

Additionally, the small blood vessels within the lung tissue begin to engorge (you can see all the erythrocytes in the dilated vessels not only in the large 'hot lips’ vessel but the smaller vessels in the interalveolar septa between adjacent alveoli). This is the congestion phase.

With this dilation of vessels come more white blood cells, you can see numerous neutrophils (they are the small cells that look like they have multiple lobes to their purple nuclei) have migrated out of the vessels (a process called extravasation) into the surround tissue and alveolar spaces. These cells are signs of an additional immune response and they help the macrophages destroy pathogens in the airway. 

Image is by @beautiful_pathologist - check out her Instagram for more histology.

Blobfish-face

A coronal section through a developing jaw (when flipped upside down) looks like poor old blobfish!

i♡histo

The blobfish eyes are formed from Meckel’s cartilage. A component of the first pharyngeal arch that runs the length of the developing mandible. It degenerates as the fetus develops leaving only two small components on each side of the head. These ossify (become bone) to form the incus & malleus (ear ossicles) of the middle ear.

The blobfish nose is the developing tongue. It is composed of developing skeletal muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle forms from myoblasts that line up & fuse to form long myotubes. These will then synthesize actin/myosin which will allow them to contract & form the intrinsic skeletal muscle of the tongue.

The blobfish chin is formed by the developing maxilla. Two regions of tissue (the palatine shelves) grow together & fuse in the midline to form the posterior hard palate. You can see the midline suture forming & feel it in your own mouth by running your tongue along the roof of your mouth. Failure of these to fuse results in a variety of cleft lip and palate combinations.

The blobfish head is formed from a developing mandible. You can see small islands of bone forming within the mesenchymal tissue of the head. This type of bone development is called intramembranous ossification.

The blobfish is native to coastal waters off mainland Australia and Tasmania where it lives way deep down in the darkest depths of the ocean. Its gelatinous body is ideal for withstanding the pressure down there but when brought to the surface it looks like a sad melted pink crayon.

#histology #science #pathology #pathologists #anatomy #autopsy #blobfish #embryology #premed #biology #dentalschool #dentalstudent #dentistry #medicaleducation #meded #nurse #nursing #medschool #medstudent #medicine #medlab #vetscience #vetschool #vetstudent #histologia #histotech #histo #pathArt #ihearthisto

Caaaaarrrggghhh-diovascular Histology 

Terrifying a medical student near you this Halloween!

ihisto

The zombie’s lifeless eyes are arterioles.

His blood-filled mouth is a small vein.

All wrapped up in a connective tissue face.

Happy Halloween Histo fans!

  Zomb-hair

A very close-up scene from the hit TV series ‘The Walking Dreads’

ihisto

This is actually a vibrissae hair follicle from the face of a (a whisker).

Vibrissae are sensory hairs that are different from regular body hairs in the fact that they are surrounded by a blood filled sinus (z’s brain) and are associated with sensory neurons that have a distinct and representative pattern in the somatosensory cortex of the mouse brain. The fact that they are well mapped in the brain illustrates their importance in everyday behavior and survival - they are involved in things like detecting, orienting and sensing length of surfaces/objects and tracking (e.g. finding gaps in a maze and answering the question 'can my head fit through here?’).

Note also the sebaceous glands (z’s eyes) which secrete a lipid rich secretion called sebum for maintaining hair and epidermis keratin (keratin is the wispy stuff lining the skin at the bottom of the image and forming z’s lil arms).
The hair in this follicle is absent as you can see z’s wailing mouth is completely empty (where you might expect to see the shaft of a hair).

The closest things us humans have to vibrissae are the thick long hairs in our nostrils which are fairly sensitive to tickles (and make your eyes water if plucked) but more importantly provide a first line of filtration to prevent big particles from being inhaled into your nasal cavity.

#histology #science #anatomy #pathology #autopsy #pathologists #dermatology #halloween #hair #skin #zombie #dentalstudent #dentalschool #histotech #medlab #premed #meded #nurse #nursing #medschool #medstudent #medicine #vetscience #vetschool #histotechnology #histologia #histo #pathArt #vetstudent #ihearthisto

The Creepiest Fibroblast You Will Ever See

With a nucleus straight from the fiery depths of hell*

ihisto

*Note: Fibroblasts do not come from hell. They are actually derived from embryonic mesoderm and the creepiest thing they do is secrete the collagen and ground substance of connective tissue. Not very creepy at all really when you think about it.

Histology is from the microscope of the ‘fiancee of ned4spd8834’

Red chalk drawing by William Hogarth for his circa-1750 etching The Reward of Cruelty.
#williamhogarth #therewardofcruelty #autopsy #medicalhistory #itsalivefrankensteinat200 (at The Morgan Library & Museum)
https://www.instagram.com/p/Bs4ZzKBFyPk/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1j56m5ji1wh4i

morbidrpa:

LAW AND ORDER: AN AUTOPSY TEMPLATE BY MORBIDRPA

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Goretober Day 3 - Autopsy

[foreign communication device extracted from below the SecUnit’s ribs]

criminalprofiler:

Autopsy tools

theinternetisaweboflies:

The Peculiarium in Portland, Oregon