#genre painting
Philippe Mercier (1689-1760)
“Comedians by a Fountain” (c. 1735)
Oil on canvas
Rococo
Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788)
“The Honourable Mrs Graham” (1775-1777)
Oil on canvas
Rococo
Located in the Scottish National Gallery, Edinburgh, Scotland
Alfred Stevens (1823-1906)
“What is Called Vagrancy” (1854)
Oil on canvas
Realism
Located in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris France
Thispainting is representative of the early part of Stevens’ career when he was keen on representing the squalor of the time.
Emperor Napoleon III thought the contents so shocking (a woman giving a beggar money to prevent her being locked up with her children by the police, which was the fate of vagrants without income) that he asked to have it removed.
The 1810 Penal Code considered begging a crime and vagrancy likewise. While beggars were not clearly defined, vagrants were clearly identified as “unscrupulous people [i.e.] those who have no certain place of residence or means of subsistence and who do not exercise any trade or profession.”
During the Second Rep1ublic, the electoral law of May 31, 1850 further alienated beggars and vagabonds, separating the homeless from the rest of society by prolonging the period of residence required in order to be able to vote in a particular commune or canton, from six months (law of March 15, 1849) to three years.
Eugene de Blaas (1843-1931)
“Girl at the Window” (1889)
Oil on panel
Currently in a private collection
Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805-1873)
“Princess Louise of Prussia” (1856)
Oil on canvas
Located in the Pushkin Museum, Moscow, Russia
Princess Louise Marie Elisabeth of Prussia (1838-1923) was Grand Duchess of Baden from 1856 to 1907 as the wife of Grand Duke Frederick I. She was the second child and only daughter of Wilhelm I, German Emperor, and Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, the younger sister of Frederick William (“Fritz”)–the future German Emperor Frederick III–and the aunt of Emperor Wilhelm II.
Alexandre Cabanel (1823-1889)
“Desdemona”
Oil on canvas
Academicism
Currently in a private collection
Vilhelm Hammershøi (1864-1916)
“Interior with Young Woman Seen from the Back” (c. 1903-1904)
Oil on canvas
Located in the Randers Kunstmuseum, Jutland, Denmark
Alice Pike Barney (1857-1931)
“Dream Book” (1901)
Oil on canvas
Located in the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington DC, United States
Konstantin Makovsky (1839-1915)
“Gypsy”
Oil on panel
Realism
Elin Danielson-Gambogi (1861-1919)
“To Bed” (1897)
Oil on canvas
Realism
Currently in a private collection
François-André Vincent (1746-1816)
“The Ploughing Lesson” (1798)
Oil on canvas
Neoclassical
Located in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Gustave Doré (1832-1883)
“La folie”
Oil on canvas
Located in the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, Swansea, Wales
Philippe Mercier (1689-1760)
“A Girl Holding a Cat” (c. 1750)
Oil on canvas
Rococo
Located in the National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland
Eugene de Blaas (1843-1931)
“Confidences” (1885)
Oil on panel
Academicism
Currently in a private collection
John Everett Millais (1829-1896)
“Sleeping”
Oil on canvas
Pre-Raphaelite
Currently in a private collection
Louis-Léopold Boilly (1761-1845)
“A Painter’s Studio” (c. 1800)
Oil on canvas
Located in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, United States